GENERATOR INFORMATION

OPERATE THE GENERATOR IN THE OPEN

2010-07-11T12:20:00.000-07:00

Don’t operate the generator inside a building, vehicle, or an enclosure.

The engine’s exhaust contains poisonous carbon monoxide. If you run the generator in an area that is confined, even partially enclosed, or if the exhaust is pointed toward a partially enclosed work area, the air you breathe could contain a dangerous amount of exhaust gas. To keep exhaust from building up, operate only in open areas and provide adequate ventilation.

The generator must also breathe fresh air. Intake air for generator and engine cooling, and combustion air must no be contaminated with engine exhaust.

Operate In The Open Operate in open space.Aim exhaust outlet AWAY from working areas.Keep the area around the generator unobstructed for cooling and exhaust.

BE FAMILIAR WITH THE GENERATOR

2010-07-11T12:17:00.001-07:00

Read the owners manual and safety precautions.

Be Familiar With The Generator Read the owner's manual.Instruct inexperienced persons on safe operation of the generator.Keep children and pets away from the generator while it is running.

KEEP THE GENERATOR ORIGINAL
Don’t make modifications to the fuel or exhaust system.
Exhaust modifications can add stress to the original equipment exhaust system which can cause breakage resulting in exhaust leaks. Elbows in the modified exhaust system will create back pressure on the engine which reduces performance and shortens the engine service life.
Larger auxiliary tanks added to the system will create more pressure on the inlet needle valve which may cause the inlet needle to lose its ability to regulate the fuel flowing into the carburetor. This may cause the crankcase engine oil to become diluted with fuel, spark plug and spark arrestor carbon build-up, and possible external fuel leaks which may result in fires.

Keep The Generator Original

	Maintain the fuel system as original equipment.
	Maintain the exhaust system as original equipment.

GENERATOR SAFETY

2010-07-11T12:17:00.000-07:00

BEFORE YOU OPERATE ANY GENERATOR YOU MUST BE FAMILIAR WITH

ALL CONTROLS AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS.

READ THE MANUAL AND CAREFULLY EXAMINE ALL CONTROLS.

ALWAYS HAVE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER HANDY, JUST IN CASE. SAFETY FIRST!

ALWAYS THINK SAFETY. PROTECT YOURSELF AND EVERYONE AROUND YOU. SAFETY FIRST!

Become familiar with the generator by reading the owner’s manual before operation. Be sure that anyone who operates the generator receives proper instruction on its safe operation and has read the owner’s manual. Do not let children operate the generator without parental supervision.

The operator is responsible for the safe operation of the generator.

Know how to stop the generator quickly in case of an emergency.

Understand the use of all generator controls, output receptacles and connections.

STORE THE GENERATOR PROPERLY

2010-07-08T03:18:00.000-07:00

The majority of the generator problems occur after the generator is removed from prolonged storage. Gasoline has a very short shelf life. The fuel in the carburetor bowl is vented to the atmosphere. Evaporation of the fuel occurs quicker and will leave the heavier additives and water to plug and corrode the carburetor passages.

If the generator is to be stored for more than 2 months:

Drain the fuel from the carburetor float bowl.

Drain the fuel from the sediment cup.

Add the correct proportion of fuel conditioner to the tank and top it off.

In addition, it is also recommended:

Add a tablespoon of oil through the spark plug hole. Lubricating the valves and piston rings will help prevent corrosion during extended storage periods.

Change the engine oil. Engine oil oxidizes and breaks down like gasoline. Fresh engine oil will ensure the oil will provide proper lubrication when the engine is started after the storage period.

STORAGE

	Store the generator properly.
	Refer to the appropriate owner’s manual.

TURN OFF THE FUEL VALVE (if equipped)

2010-07-08T03:17:00.000-07:00

Turn the fuel valve OFF when transporting or storing the generator. When the generator is being transported, the carburetor inlet needle may unseat allowing fuel to enter the engine crankcase. Gasoline will dilute the engine oil reducing the lubrication properties and cause severe engine damage.

Turn The Fuel Valve OFF

	Turn OFF the fuel valve when transporting the generator.
	Turn OFF the fuel valve when the generator is not in use.

TURN THE CIRCUIT BREAKER OFF

2010-07-08T03:16:00.002-07:00

SAFETY PRECAUTION!
Turn the circuit breaker OFF when starting the generator.

The generator starts producing power immediately after the engine starts. Start the generator and wait 15 seconds to let it come up to speed and generate the proper voltage, then turn the loads on. If there is a heavy load connected to the generator, it may be strong enough to make the engine hard to start.

If the engine does not start, a heavy load may not allow the engine to reach operating speed. Continuous operation of the generator below normal operating speed may damage the load or the generator.

The circuit breaker should be switched OFF before stopping the engine. The generator will produce power until the engine comes to a complete stop. AVR generators will try to produce steady output as the generator winds down. This may overload the AVR circuits, which could damage the AVR.

STOPPING THE GENERATOR

	Turn OFF the circuit breaker before starting the engine.
	Turn OFF the circuit breaker before stopping the engine.

SYSTEM GROUND

2010-07-08T03:16:00.001-07:00

The power tool has a ground wire that connects the tool body to the generator receptacle.

The generator ground terminal is connected to: the frame of the generator, the metal non-current carrying parts of the generator, and the ground terminals of each receptacle.

Before using the ground terminal, consult a qualified electrician, electrical inspector or local agency having jurisdiction for local codes or ordinances that apply.

System Ground

	Generator frame acts as system ground.
	Local codes or agencies may require further generator grounding.

NEUTRAL BONDING REQUIREMENTS

2010-07-06T21:04:00.000-07:00

Bonding the neutral wire to ground is required on some construction sites. Industrial Generators provide neutral bonding.

Some models are neutral bonded which allows the industrial generator to pass OSHA job site inspections.

Neutral BondRequired on certain job sites.Neutral conductors bonded to ground.Standard on some Honda & Pramac ES models.

GFCI TESTING

2010-07-06T21:03:00.000-07:00

Under normal operations, the GFCI should be tested monthly. There is a test card located on the control panel to record the date of each test. If the generator is stored outdoors, unprotected from the weather, test the GFCI receptacle before each use.

Testing - You must test it to make sure it works!

Press the TEST button. The RESET button should extend with a click.

Press the RESET button. The RESET button should be flush with the TEST button.

If either of these tests fail on a Honda generator, contact an authorized Honda generator servicing dealer.

GFCI Testing

	Test monthly normally.
	Test before each use if stored outdoors.

Honda and Other High Quality Makes

	GFCI is standard on some models.
	GFCI will protect 120V duplex receptacles.
	20, 30 and 50 Amp 120V receptacle
	Isolated ground system – no neutral bond with the frame.

GFCI OPERATION

2010-07-06T21:02:00.000-07:00

Electric current (amperage) flow is the same in the wires going to and coming from the load. When a ground fault occurs, electric current now has another path and will take this path instead of returning to the source.

Current traveling in wires create magnetic fields around those wires. If the current is the same coming and going, the magnetic fields cancel one another. When there is a ground fault, the returning current has two paths. The returning current through the GFCI is less than the going, there is now a magnetic field difference through the transformer and the control unit will automatically open the circuit.

GFCI Operation

	Detects ground faults in tools or appliances.
	GFCI opens the power circuit.
	TEST button creates ground fault situation for testing GFCI receptacle.

GFCI APPLICATIONS

2010-07-06T21:01:00.000-07:00

In certain applications, Honda industrial generators fall under OSHA regulations. One such regulation is that 120V, 15 and 20 ampere receptacles be protected by Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) automatically open the power circuit in the event there is a current leakage in the tool or appliance plugged into the GFCI receptacle. The GFCI will open the circuit protecting the operator from ground faults. Examples of ground fault current is the current which would flow through a person who is using an appliance with faulty insulation and, at the same time, is in contact with an electrical ground such as a plumbing fixture, wet floor, or earth.

The ground fault circuit interrupter receptacle will not protect against short circuits or overloads. The circuit breaker or circuit protector in the control panel, which supplies power to the circuit, provides that protection.

GFCIGFCI protection is required for certain applications.Must protect all 15 and 20 ampere 120V receptacles.

AUTO-THROTTLE or IDLE CONTROL

2010-07-05T13:54:00.001-07:00

The auto-throttle system automatically reduces engine speed when all loads are turned off or disconnected. When appliances are turned on or reconnected, the engine returns to the rated speed.

The auto-throttle system will not respond to electrical loads of less than 1 ampere.

The system is not effective for use with appliances that require only momentary power. Leave the auto-throttle OFF if an appliance cycles on and off frequently.

To avoid extended warm-up periods, keep the switch OFF until the engine reaches operating temperature.

Appliances with large start-up power demands may cause the engine to be overloaded and keep it from reaching normal operating RPM. Turn the auto-throttle to the OFF position and connect the appliance to the generator. If the engine is still overloaded and cannot reach normal operating rpm, check that the appliance does not exceed the rated load capacity of the generator.

If the generator is equipped with a pilot light or volt meter and the auto-throttle is ON but no load is connected:

The pilot light will be dimmer.

The voltmeter will display less than the normal output voltage (120V or 240V).

Auto-Throttle OR Idle Control

	Lower fuel consumption
	Reduced noise

BALANCE THE LOAD

2010-07-05T13:51:00.000-07:00

The generator has two separate main power producing circuits. These two circuits supply equal power to the receptacles shown when the voltage selector switch is in the "120/240V" position. When two or more receptacles are used; prevent overloading by dividing the loads between the two power circuits.

Example: (ES7500 rated current draw is 50A)

Receptacle 2 has a 15A load connected to it. Receptacle 3 has a 15A load connected to it. Both receptacles are powered by the main power circuit 1. The equation tells us that the total power draw on Circuit 1 is 30A (greater than 25A). This is a substantial overload to this circuit. To eliminate the excess power draw on circuit 1, the load from receptacle "3" should be switched to receptacle "1". Now circuit 1 is powering a 15A load (less than 25A) and circuit 2 is powering a 15A load (less than 25A).

When the voltage selector is in the "120V ONLY" position, do not exceed the rated capacity of any one receptacle. For all receptacles used, do not exceed the rated load capacity of the generator.

Balance The Load

	"120/240V" position.
	Connect loads to balance the two main windings.

PROPER OPERATION OF YOUR PORTABLE GENERATOR

2010-07-05T13:45:00.000-07:00

ALWAYS CHECK THE FUEL LEVEL BEFORE STARTING YOUR GENERATOR

ALWAYS THINK SAFETY. PROTECT YOURSELF AND EVERYONE AROUND YOU. SAFETY FIRST!

Here are some simple rules to help you keep your portable generator running smoothly and for a long time.

Most portable generator engines are engineered, designed and certified to run on unleaded fuel. Use unleaded gasoline with a pump octane rating of 86 or higher. Unleaded fuel will reduce deposit build-up on valves, spark arrestor, muffler and spark plug.

Never use stale or contaminated gasoline or oil/gasoline mixture. Avoid getting dirt or water in the fuel tank.

Gasoline blended with alcohol or ether is referred to as "oxygenated" fuel. Before using oxygenated fuel, try to confirm the fuel’s contents (refer to the owner’s manual). Some states (provinces of Canada) require the information to be posted on the pump. If you notice any undesirable operating symptoms, try another service station or switch to another brand of gasoline.

Refuel when the engine is off. Gasoline is extremely flammable and is explosive under certain conditions. Refuel in a well-ventilated area with the engine stopped. Do not over fill. Make sure that any spilled fuel has been wiped off before starting the generator.

The fuel tank cap vents to the atmosphere. Don’t store the generator below the deck of a boat. Gasoline fumes can collect and ignite. Store the generator in a well-ventilated area.

Do not smoke or allow sparks in the area when refueling.

Never refuel while the engine/generator is running. Refuel the generator with the engine stopped and the engine cool.

Wipe up spilled fuel before starting the generator. The engine produces enough heat at the exhaust system, and the generator produces sufficient static electricity, to ignite the fuel vapors.

PRE-OPERATION CHECKS

Voltage Selector Switch
Allows simultaneous use of 120V and 120/240V receptacles.
"120 ONLY" position: maximum power from locking plug.
"120/240V ONLY" position: simultaneous use.

ELECTRIC MOTOR WATTAGE GUIDE

2010-07-05T13:39:00.000-07:00

ELECTRIC MOTOR WATTAGE GUIDE

Electrical motors present special electrical startup considerations. They can require up to three times their rated running wattage to start. Motor nameplates generally will show starting watts, some as high as nine times the running wattage. Check the nameplate to be sure. Be certain to use the starting watts when figuring the correct electrical load requirements. If you don't have enough power to start you won't have enough to run.

Motor load requirements are listed below:

Motor Rating HP	Approximate Running Watts	Universal Motors Small Appliance	Reduction Induction Motors	Capacitor Motors
1/8	275	400	600	850
1/4	400	500	850	1050
1/3	450	600	975	1350
1/2	600	750	1300	1800
3/4	850	1000	1900	2600
1	1000	1250	2300	3000
1-1/2	1600	1750	3200	4200
2	2000	2350	3900	5100
3**	3000	3550	5200	6800
** Motors of higher HP are not generally used.

WATER WELL PUMP kW / kVA REQUIREMENTS

Pump Rating	Externally Regulated Generator		Internally Regulated Generator
HP	Min. kW	Min. kVA	Min. kW	Min. kVA
1/3	1.5	1.9	1.2	1.5
1/2	2.0	2.5	1.5	1.9
3/4	3.0	3.8	2.0	2.5
1	4.0	5.0	2.5	3.125
1-1/2	5.0	6.25	3.0	3.8
2	7.5	9.4	4.0	5.0
3	10.0	12.5	5.0	6.25
5	15.0	18.75	7.5	9.4
7 1/2	20.0	25.0	10.5	12.5
10	30.0	37.5	15.0	18.8

NOTES: To avoid damage to your motor or pump, it is recommended that the generator be started and permitted to come up to voltage before the pump or motor is turned on.

A majority of industrial generators are externally regulated. Generators must be sized to deliver at least 65% of the rated voltage during motor starting to ensure adequate motor starting torque.
Industrial generators typically produce 300+ percent of rated capacity for 15-20 seconds during electrical surges.
To convert KW into watts multiply KW (x) 1000

NEMA CODES FOR STARTING KVA/hp THREE PHASE MOTORS

CODE	STARTING KVA / HP	TYPICAL SIZE RANGE	CODE	STARTING KVA / HP	TYPICAL RANGE
A	0 - 3.15	--	L	9.0 -10.0	1 HP
B	3.15 - 3.55	--	M	10.0 - 11.2	Less than 1 HP
C	3.55 - 4.0	--	N	11.2 - 12.5	--
D	4.0 - 4.5	--	P	12.5 - 14.0	--
E	4.5 - 5.0	--	R	14.0 - 16.0	--
F	5.0 -5.6	15 HP and up	S	16.0 - 18.0	--
G	5.6 - 6.3	10 HP	T	18.0 - 20.0	--
H	6.3 - 7.1	7.5 and 5 HP	U	20.0 - 22.4	--
J	7.1 - 8.0	3 HP	V	22.4 and up	--
K	8.0 - 9.0	2 and 1-1/2

How to Calculate Full Load Amperage

2010-07-04T03:59:00.000-07:00

Full load amperage is important to know when installing new appliances.

Certain appliances, such as refrigerators and air conditioners, require the calculation of what is known as full load amperage. One calculation is for the amperage use during their low-power phase, such as when the refrigerator is only running its fan, and another calculation for amperage use when mechanical implements are initialized, such as when the compressor turns on to begin the refrigeration cycle. The second calculation is larger than the first by a significant amount and signifies the full load amperage. This is important to know when installing an appliance on a circuit.

Difficulty: Moderately Easy

Instructions

Step1
Locate the electrical information label on the appliance. This is a metal stamp permanently affixed to the body of the appliance. In some instances the information is embossed directly onto the surface of the appliance. This label contains all electrical information for the appliance.
Step2
Locate the wattage usage information. If there is more than one number use the largest.
Step3
Ascertain the voltage requirements of the appliance. This information is also available on the electrical information stamp.
Step4
Divide the wattage by the voltage. Amperage times voltage equals the wattage of the appliance. Thus, wattage divided by voltage calculates the amperage requirements.

Why do I need a Transfer Switch?

2009-09-27T14:13:00.000-07:00

A generator transfer switch is needed for individuals who wish to use an electric generator as a source of backup power for a home or business. The automatic transfer switch will switch the power source from the commercial power supply company to the onsite generator. These switches make it possible to limit the electricity from the electric company to be used only when the switch is in the proper position.

Automatic Transfer switches are the only recognized safe alternative for connecting an electrical load to the generator for an entire house or business. Putting an electric generator into the system without any kind of switch limiting its use could prove to be disastrous to the generator itself and to everything that is powered by it.

With hundreds of Transfer Switches in stock, we can provide the ideal switch with your generator purchase.

for more info...

1000kW Diesel Generators and up

2009-09-27T13:56:00.000-07:00

We can provide a wide variety of options for control panels, load banks, voltage selector switches, water jacket heaters, silencers, multiple mainline circuit breakers, paint colors, cooling systems, annunciation, fuel tanks, and many other options.

We also offer custom walk in enclosures, remote fill stations, day tanks, remote radiators and many other options not available with off the shelf manufacturers.

No one in the industry can match Bowers ability to customize and engineer generator sets to a customer’s specific requirement.

Baldor manufactured - Mitsubishi Industrial powered diesel generator 1000kW Available in three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure or Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models
1000kW Cummins Powered diesel generators Available in three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of Aluminum Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.
Baldor manufactured - Mitsubishi Industrial powered diesel generator 1250kW Available in three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure or Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models
Baldor manufactured - Mitsubishi Industrial powered diesel generator 1600kW Available in three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure or Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models
Baldor manufactured - Mitsubishi Industrial powered diesel generator 2000kW Available in three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure or Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models

151 to 200 kW Diesel Generators

2009-09-27T13:52:00.000-07:00

John Deere diesel generator 150kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure or Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models

John Deere diesel generator 180kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure or Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models

John Deere diesel generator 200kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure or Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models

200kW Cummins Powered diesel generators Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of Aluminum Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.
more........

100 to 150 kW Diesel Generators

2009-09-27T13:49:00.000-07:00

Cummins and John Deere industrial diesel engines power our product in the 100 and 150kW range. Both manufacturers offer engines meeting the most stringent EPA regulations.

For standby or prime power generation, John Deere and Cummins have the reliability and durability power managers count on for critical applications.

Find out why thousands of facilities depend on generator sets powered by John Deere engines. They are quick starting, clean running, fuel efficient and globally supported. This gives customers worry free service in times when power is most needed. They also offer more kW per cylinder to provide installation flexibility. With a record like that, it's easy to see why so many generator set manufacturers keep the lights on with John Deere and Cummins Engines.

John Deere diesel generator 100kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure or Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models
105kW Cummins Powered diesel generators Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of Aluminum Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.
John Deere diesel generator 150kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure orSound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models
150kW Cummins Powered diesel generators Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of Aluminum Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

61 to 99 kW Diesel Generators

2009-09-27T13:44:00.000-07:00

Our diesel generator sets are available in sizes ranging from 8 kW to 2 MW. These clean, modern diesels with optional exhaust after treatment are suitable for either standby/emergency power, continuous or prime power applications.

Generator sets include a prime mover fueled by diesel and an alternator that provides power at 50Hz or 60Hz, depending on the application. Our generator sets are the result of integrated design and manufacturing intended to meet your requirements for reliability, power quality, rated performance and efficient operation. In this size range we offer you either Cummins or John Deere powered generator sets. Service and parts support throughout the US and Canada.

65kW Cummins Powered diesel generators Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of Aluminum Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

75kW Cummins Powered diesel generators Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of Aluminum Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

John Deere diesel generator 80kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure or Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.
for more info

Light Tower Generators

2009-09-27T13:42:00.001-07:00

Our mobile light tower provides 4000 watts of light anywhere you need it: Job site, road construction, emergency lighting or mining applications. With metal-halide lamps these light towers will provide light coverage for over 7 acres. Each model is powered by a Baldor 6000 watt light tower generator, which provides up to 2000 watts of reliable onsite power!. These light towers are powered by the dependable Kubota diesel engine. A huge 50-gallon fuel tank provides for 100-hours of operation.

Features:

• 4 powerful 1000-Watt metal halide lamps. Lamps are supported on both ends to enhance durability and long life.

• Elliptical light fixtures—provides a more efficient light pattern than conventional round fixtures.
• Operator has extra 2000 watts to run jobsite equipment. Control panel includes one 120-volt GFI and one 240-volt twist-lock receptacle.
• Enclosure constructed with heavy gauge painted aluminum. Padlockable door latches and integral forklift pockets included.
• Zinc plated 30’ 4-section mast with coiled mast cords. Strategically positioned winch allows the telescoping tower to be erected from a standing position.
• Tower rotates 360 degrees.
• Quiet, dependable Kubota diesel engine provides “flicker-free” operation.
• Tongue weight of 155 lbs. (with full load of fuel) allows one person to conveniently move unit around any jobsite.
• 50-gallon fuel tank included for up to 100 hours of running time.
• Quality highway trailer suspension.
• Low oil/high temperature shutdown protection and runtime hour indicator included.
• Battery included.

more info

Rental Grade Generators

2009-09-27T13:38:00.000-07:00

We offer Baldor and Magnum in this section of our product offering. Our towable or mobile generators are designed and engineered for industrial, commercial and rental applications that require quiet operation, optimum performance and superior reliability. From the ultra quiet sound attenuated enclosures to the state-of-the-art electronics and controls, these units are engineered to meet the most rugged conditions. Place the unit at the job site, connect the load and start it up. Towable generators can also be used with an automatic transfer switch for standby applications.

We offer trailer mounted diesel generators

From two of the world's top diesel generator manufacturers. These are similar in configuration to Multiquip, Ingersoll Rand or Atlas Copco towable or portable diesel generators.

These towable diesel generators are designed and engineered for industrial, commercial and rental applications that require quiet operation, optimum performance and superior reliability.

We offer ultra quiet sound attenuated enclosures to the state-of-the-art electronics and controls, these units are engineered to meet the most rugged conditions. Place the unit at the job site, connect the load and start it up. Units can also be used with an automatic transfer switch for standby applications.

These trailer mounted or rental type generators are available from 25kVA/20kW to 400kVA/320kW these diesel units have a three position voltage selection switch for 1 and 3 phase connections; large integral diesel fuel tank; diesel fuel water separators and many safety features including water temperature shutdown, and low oil shutdown.

Detailed

31 to 60 kW Diesel Generators

2009-09-27T13:21:00.000-07:00

In the 31 to 60kW Diesel Generators range we offer our customer a choice of three of the world’s top engine manufacturers – John Deere, Kubota and Lister Petter.

Our diesel generators in this size range feature:

•Industrial diesel engines that meet the latest EPA emission levels
•Brushless synchronous alternators with dynamic balancing and four pole construction
•Fully featured microprocessor based controller that’s easy to use and field programmable for customized installations
•All our generators are prototype tested and production tested to ensure the highest quality product
•Heavy duty construction that is designed and rated for either prime power or standby applications
•Backed by a world wide network of parts and service support centers
•Optional UL2200 (John Deere only) and NFPA 110 rating
•Optional weather resistant sound attenuated (super quiet) enclosures
•A full range of factory installed options are available
Lister Petter diesel generator 32kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of either Aluminum or Powder Coated Steel. Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

Kubota diesel generator 40kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of Aluminum Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

John Deere diesel generator 40kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure or Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

John Deere diesel generator 50kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure or Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

John Deere diesel generator 60kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure or Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.
for more info....

3 to 30 kW Diesel Generators

2009-09-27T13:06:00.000-07:00

3 to 30 kW Diesel Generators

In the 3 to 30kW Diesel Generators we offer the highest quality products with an extensive US parts and service support network. We refuse to offer lower quality Chinese built products that are built to look like US made product, but don’t’ offer components with parts and service support in the US.

In our 3 to 6 kW Diesel Generators we offer Baldor exclusively - Baldo portable genertors are equipped with industrial grade engines to provide the performance and dependability you can count on.Baldor manufactures its own generators and backs them with an industry leading 3- year limited warranty.Baldor portable generators also feature "Switch less Full Pow'R", eliminating the need for a "Full Power" switch. Automatically get the 120V or 240V nameplate power rating without having to flip a switch. Baldor Premier portable generators incorporate the features you’ve come to expect from the leader in portable power generation.

Our premium brand in the 8-32kW Diesel Generators size is the “Lister Petter” brand - Lister Petter is our highest quality engine manufacturer. The Lister-Petter generator products are our recommendation for "off grid" or "prime power" applications where the generator is run eight to ten hours per day, 365 days a year. The Lister Petter brand began producing the highest quality diesel engines in England during the 1870’s. The Lister engine has been used to power; Caterpillar, Onan, FG Wilson and most other high quality generator manufacturer’s products. In the 1980’s Lister began producing their own brand of generators built for the most demanding applications.

In these severe duty applications fuel economy, reliability and engine life are the critical factors customer use in selecting their generator. The Lister product excels at all of these! When comparing fuel economy with other products - you will find that the Lister engine is at least ten percent more fuel efficient than it's competitors. Lister Petter time between overhaul is at least 30% longer than its competition and often as long as 40,000 hours.

We also offer Kubota powered diesel generators built to Bowers Generator Systems specifications. These generators offer rugged Kubota Industrial engines, 12 lead reconnectable generator ends, Aluminum enclosures built to withstand harsh marine environments with salt spray without rust damage!

When you compare our products in this size range – they come standard with features that are optional with our competition

•base mounted fuel tank – normally sized for 12 hour run time
•vibration isolators between engine/generator and base frame
•battery, battery rack and cables
•circuit breaker to protect the generator from overload
•two wire auto start ready controls (Automatic Transfer Switch required for true auto operation)
•fully automatic shutdown or alarm systems to protect your engine and generator
◦low oil pressure
◦high coolant temp
◦over speed (diesel engine run away)
◦and over crank
3.0 kW Baldor DG3E Hatz (German) Diesel Portable Generators Rope Start model - rugged durable fuel economy -a favorite with our US Marine Corps Customers - Optional Wheel Kit available

6.0 kW Baldor Elect Start Hatz (German) Diesel Portable Generator Electric Start with Rope Start backup model - rugged durable fuel economy - a favorite with our US Marine Corps Customers - Wheel Kit available

Lister Petter diesel generator 8kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of either Aluminum or Powder Coated Steel. Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

Kubota diesel generator 12kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure Aluminum Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

Lister Petter diesel generator 12kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of either Aluminum or Powder Coated Steel. Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

Kubota diesel generator 15kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of Aluminum Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available

SDMO diesel generator 16kW Single Phase - options include open models for indoor mounting and weather resistant sound attenuated enclosure of Powder Coated Steel.

SDMO diesel generator 16kW Three Phase - options include open models for indoor mounting and weather resistant sound attenuated enclosure of Powder Coated Steel.

Lister Petter diesel generator 17kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of either Aluminum or Powder Coated Steel. Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

Kubota diesel generator 20kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of Aluminum Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

Lister Petter diesel generator 20kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of either Aluminum or Powder Coated Steel. Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

Lister Petter diesel generator 26kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of either Aluminum or Powder Coated Steel. Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

Kubota diesel generator 30kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of Aluminum Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

John Deere diesel generator 30kW Available in either single phase or three phase, options include open models for indoor mounting, weather resistant enclosure of Aluminum Sound Attenuation (Super Silent) Models also available.

for more info....

Bowers Powers Diesel Generators

2009-09-27T13:02:00.000-07:00

Bowers Powers offers diesel generators from 3 to 2000kW. We can "parallel" our larger generators to achieve 12mW. We offer the higest quality products with an extensive US parts and service support network. Our desiel power generators come standard with base mounted fuel tank, vibration isolators between engine/generator and base frame, battery, battery rack and cables, circuit breaker to protect the generator from overload and two wire auto start ready controls (Automatic Transfer Switch required for true auto operation). Our diesel generators come standard with fully automatic shutdown systems to protect your generator from low oil pressure, high coolant temp, over speed and over crank. You can have these built to your exact requirements - we offer an extensive array of options to set up the diesel generator to your requirements AND we have the sales engineering staff to assist you with selecting the best product for your unique installation!

Diesel Generators and Electric Generators

2009-09-27T12:57:00.000-07:00

Genset Central We have over 60 years experience in supplying diesel generators and electric generators for industrial military and residential generator power requirements. If you are looking for a diesel generator or electric generator look no futher. We supply standby emergency power diesel generators, Kubota generators, gaseous generators, construction portable and mobile generators, diesel fuel tanks, ASCO transfer switches, manual transfer switches, Lister Petter generators, mobile light towers, agricultural generators, switchable voltage generators, RV and commercial compact diesel and gas generators, container generators, electrical generator ends for AC and DC applications, tactical quiet super quiet generators, commercial and residential super silent, trailer mounted construction generators, power modules, electrical transformers, switch gear, parallel equipment, mobile generators, generator controllers, Lister Petter generator and Cummins generators

We can assist you in selecting the product for any application. From the 8kW generator for your summer cabin generator to your backup power generator 2800KW industrial for your plant - we can help!! Our sales engineers each have a minimum of ten years experiences! We offer all electric generator accessories for residential and emergency gensets, standby generators industrial generators, portable, trailer or mobile generators, long run generator fuel tanks, battery chargers and automatic transfer switches.

Generators Types and Features
We recommend diesel due to their longevity and lower operating costs;

1. 1800 rpm water cooled diesel operate on average 20-30,000 hours before major engine maintenance is required.

2. 1800 rpm water cooled gas normally operate 6-10,000 hours because they are built on a lighter duty gasoline engine block.

3. 3600 rpm air-cooled gas engines are normally replaced – not overhauled at 500 to 1500 hours.

Because gas engines burn hotter (higher btu of the fuel), you will see significantly shorter lives. Our gensets are from the world’s top manufacturers. We offer products for high-end residential customers with larger homes to industrial and military customers seeking prime power or critical emergency backup generators.

Electric equipment is designed to use power with a fixed frequency: 60 Hertz (Hz) in the United States and Canada, 50 Hertz in Europe and Australia. The frequency output depends upon a fixed engine speed. To produce 60 Hz electricity, most diesel engines operate at 1800 or 3600 RPM. Each speed has its advantages and drawbacks. At 1800 RPM, four pole electric power sets are the most common and least expensive. They offer the best balance of noise, efficiency, cost, and engine life. At 3600 RPM, two pole generators are smaller and lightweight; they are best suited for portable, light-duty applications. In simple terms it’s like operating your car at 90 mph, versus 45mph — at 45mph your car will last longer; it is quieter, requires less maintenance, and has a longer life. Most 3600 rpm gensets are twin cylinder air-cooled lawn mower engines, while the water cooled 1800 rpm units are comparable to those found in diesel forklift and diesel tractor engines. The 1800 rpm water cooled engine will last longe r, offerless maintenance problems, and be more fuel efficient. We recommend diesel! Gensetcentral Systems can provide for all your backup power needs from 2 Mega Watt generator for industrial, residential and military applications. We can provide you with high quality gensets. We offer only top quality products that are priced at or below our competition who offer lesser brands Our diesel products are powered by world class diesel engines - we feature SDMO, Lister Petter, Katolight, Baldor, Kubota, John Deere and Cummins power plants

for more info

Measuring Building Electrical Load Using a Stopwatch

2009-09-07T16:37:00.001-07:00

If you intend on powering most of the items fed by your utility electric meter you can measure your total building load at any time using simply a stop watch while observing your meter. Follow the steps below to make this measurement.

First locate the electric meter which feeds your building. To use this method, it must be a traditional style kilowatthour meter with a rotating disk. The meters shown here are typical for small to medium residential services.

Next, read the constant on the face of the nameplate shown as Kh. This value is the number of watt-hours equivalent to one rotation of the disk.

Now, start the desired appliances, heating or air conditioning for the condition to be measured.

Using a stopwatch while watching for the black mark on the meter's disk, measure the time it takes for one or more disk rotations. If the disk is rotating rapidly, better accuracy will be attained if you time more than one rotation.

Finally, take the three values and use the equation below to calculate the watts seen by the electric meter.

Here is an example calculation for the first meter above. From the meter's face, Kh = 7.2. The time measured for 5 rotations of the disk was 24 seconds. Thus, Rev = 5 and T = 24 seconds. Solving for the electrical demand we have:

This is within the capability of common portable generators.

Note that this method is not practical for measuring the peak in-rush watts needed to start most loads because the transient happens so fast. Typical acceleration times for most motor loads are less than 1 second. Unless the response time of your eye and your thumb is extremely fast, you won't be able to measure these starting wattages without special recording instrumentation. For a sample of these measurements, see Test Reports below. .

Test Reports

This section contains test results and measurements for various electrical loads. Note that these measurements are representative only for the specific models shown and under the particular test conditions. Different conditions can alter both the current values and starting times.

Slightly different line voltages will affect results as will the wire size and length feeding the load. Ambient temperatures and thermostat settings will affect refrigeration compressor current demands. For well pumps, the pressure settings and the depth that the pump is positioned will affect measured results.

Refrigerator Starting Current

Refrigerator Starting Current
This test measured the starting current for a refrigerator with the following nameplate data.

Voltage 115 V AC
Frequency 60 Hz
Amps 5.0
Mfr. Date 3 / 86

Results of one measurement are shown in the plot below. It shows a maximum inrush current of about 13 amps which lasts only about one-half second. Also, the running current is significantly less than the nameplate value. It should be noted that most refrigerators (including this one) are "frost free." This means that on a regular basis a timer shuts off the compressor and turns on resistance heaters to clear frost buildup in the freezer section. This defrost current was not measured and is probably greater than the compressor running current. This may explain the large difference between the nameplate current value and the measured value.

Freezer Starting Current

This test measured the starting current for a freezer with the following nameplate data.

Voltage 115 V AC
Frequency 60 Hz
Amps 5.0
Mfr. Date early to mid 1970s

Results of one measurement are shown in the plot below. It shows a maximum inrush current of less than 5 amps which lasts only about 0.3 seconds. Also, the running current is significantly less than the nameplate value. It should be noted that most freezers are "frost free." However, this one is not.

Well Pump Starting Current

are shown in the plot below. It shows a maximum inrush current of about 18 amps which lasts only about 0.2 seconds.

Typical Running and Starting Loads

2009-09-07T16:35:00.000-07:00

The graph below shows typical values for common residential loads. For applications that are approaching generator ratings, the actual nameplate load data, or better yet measured data, should be used to ensure an adequately sized unit.

CALCULATE ANY LOAD OR YOUR TOTAL LOAD - DOING IT EXACTLY

2009-09-07T16:29:00.000-07:00

Instead of using this precise method of calculating loads you can use values "off of face plates" on equipment or the values shown on the Wattage Guide.

If you have no name plate data or the device is not listed on the Wattage Guide the follow the instructions here to determine the full load or device load.

For calculating full loads follow the procedures shown below. If you have an amp meter and you know how to use it, you can run the load and use a meter to determine the Running Load Requirements.

Picking the right size generator to meet your needs is not that complicated. There are several electrical parameters you need to be concerned with to make a proper selection.

Voltage Requirements
Most appliances operate on 120 volts. In spite of this, most electrical services for homes and small businesses are made up of a dual 120 volt feed, more commonly referred to as 120/240 volt. This type of feed allows the connection of those larger 240 volt electrical loads such as kitchen ranges, clothes dryers, well pumps, water heaters, heat pumps and central air conditioners. If you ever expect to have to power any 240 volt load, you should select a generator with 120 and 240 volt output. Also, if you intend on connecting the generator to the home or building at the 120/240 volt electric panel you should select a 120/240 volt model. Only in the case of separately powering individual 120 volt appliances should you consider a generator without 240 volt capability.

Running Load Requirements
Running load requirements are simply a total of all the loads to be operated simultaneously. This can be based on actual measurements if a clamp-on probe type ac current meter is available. If the building has a traditional style disk type kilowatt-hour meter an alternative is to use a stop watch and count rotations of the disk when the loads of interest are operating. See the procedure outlined below. Otherwise, an estimate of the total running load can be made by adding up the running wattages of all items to be powered at one time. Some appliances may not list the wattage on the nameplate, but may show the rated current in amps and voltage. The wattage can estimated from these two figures by multiplying them together to get the watts. See formula below:

watts = volts x amps

(for reactive loads this actually over estimates the watts slightly)

An estimate can also be obtained by using the bar chart further below.

Starting Load Requirements
Determining the starting requirements can be a bit more complicated. Certain electrical devices require additional power and current when initially turned on. This is true for motors because the rotor of the motor and the shaft driven load (fan, pump, compressor, saw, etc.) is initially at a standstill. It requires more energy to accelerate these rotating parts to operating speed than it does to keep them rotating. Therefore, during the period of acceleration, the demand on the power supply is greater. To precisely evaluate the motor starting capability the detailed motor characteristics need to be known. However, a rule of thumb is usually sufficient. Most engine driven generators will start a motor with up to 1/5th the horsepower of the engine, if it is the first load connected. For example, a 2500 watt generator driven by a 5 horsepower engine will usually start up to a 1 horsepower motor. This assumes a common type of motor design with NEMA code G starting characteristics. This data can be found on the motor nameplate.

Power Quality & Distortion
Perfectly pure AC power is a sine wave for both the voltage and current. Resistive loads such as incandescent lights and heaters are linear loads since the current is always proportional to the voltage applied. Some types of generators and non-linear loads can alter this perfect sine wave. A non-linear electrical load does not have a linear relationship between the voltage applied and the current that flows into the load. Certain types of electronics, lighting ballasts, arc welders and other devices are non-linear. Welding generators due to their design and poorly designed generators may also produce a distorted AC wave. When a significant portion of the load on a generator (or any power source for that matter) is non-linear, all the loads fed by the source will see this distortion. A measure of this distortion is called THD, or total harmonic distortion. If the distortion is severe enough, motors and transformers will operate hotter. Over a long period of time this can cause a reduction in life. And some other sensitive electronic equipment may not operate. An specific example is uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems powering computers or communications equipment. These types of devices cause some distortion of the AC wave and at the same time can be negatively affected by it. A UPS system powered by an inadequately sized backup generator may continue draining the internal battery rather than switching over to generator power and charging the battery.

To reduce chances for THD problems, the rule of thumb is to select a backup generator kW size at least three times the kW of non-linear loads to be powered. For example, if you have 2000 watts of computers fed by UPS systems and 1000 watts of incandescent lighting to be fed by a generator first total the power:

2000 W + 1000 W = 3000 W

Then compare the total with three times the non-linear load portion:

3 x 2000 W = 6000 W

The generator needs to be at least 6000 watts in accordance with this rule of thumb.

LOAD CODE

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Example: The data tag on our electric motor shows a code of L. Our motor is 1/3 Hp. An L code is 84 amps per Hp x 1/3 (motor Hp) = 28 amps to start the motor shown.
CODE AMPS PER HP TO START CODE AMPS PER HP TO START
A 26.0 L 83.3
B 29.5 M 93.3
C 33.3 N 104.0
D 37.4 P 116.6
E 41.6 R 133.3
F 46.6 S 149.9
G 52.4 T 166.6
H 59.0 U 186.6
J 66.6 V more than 186.6

Load Code

Code is a letter which represents Amps per Hp to start the motor.
Multiply CODE (amps) times Hp of motor to determine starting amps.

DATA TAG

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Method 2 requires a visual inspection of the data tag supplied by the electric motor manufacturer. All electrical motors have a data tag attached to their bodies that give volts, amps, phase, cycles, hp, and sometimes a code.
Volts (V) - The volts must be either 120 (110-120) or 120/240. 120/240 means that the motor can be wired to operate on 120V or 240V. Typical generators are either 120V or 120/240V.

Amps (A) - Indicates the amps required to RUN the electric motor but doesn't consider STARTING or LOADED power requirements.

Phase (PH) - The most commonly used generators can power only single phase motors only.

Horsepower (HP) - Rating of how much work an electric motor can perform.

Code - This isn't always supplied on the data tag. It represents the maximum STARTING power required of the electric motor.

Cycles (Hz) - All of U.S. electric appliances run at 60 cycles per second.

Read the Motor Mfg. Tag

Volts
Amps
Phase
Hp
Code
Cycles

ESTIMATING CHART

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Method 1 requires using the load wattage estimating chart. It gives two figures of watts needed to power various loads; Running and starting watts.
Add up all of the watts estimated for the loads / appliances / tools that you want to operate at the same time.

If the load is a reactive type, use the STARTING WATTS for your estimation.

Select a generator that is as large or larger than the total number estimated. Example: If you only want to run a refrigerator (2200 starting watts) and (2) 100 watt light bulbs (200 watts) - You would need a 2500 watt generator.

Wattage Estimating Chart

What are the loads?
Add up the total wattage of loads
Use the starting watts if the load is a reactive type
Select a generator

LOAD POWER REQUIREMENTS

2009-09-07T16:17:00.000-07:00

Here are a few ways to determine power requirements for various loads that are expected to be powered by a typical generator.
Method 1, using estimating charts, can be used to get a general idea of the generator size.

Method 2, reading the motor data tag, is more accurate since the data tag information is provided by the motor manufacturer. Data tag information does not always show STARTING power requirements for REACTIVE type loads. See "CODE CHART" at the end of this page.

*Note: Data tag information can usually be found in the owners / operating manual as well.

Determine Load Requirements

Estimating Chart

Read data tags

REACTIVE LOADS

2009-09-07T16:16:00.002-07:00

When determining the proper generator for REACTIVE type loads, you must consider three modes of operation:
STARTING - The electric motor requires more power to start. The starting power required can be THREE times the running amount.

RUNNING - The power required to run the electric motor after it has been started.

LOADED - When the electric motor begins to work (saw begins cutting wood), its power requirement will increase. This is not applicable for most household appliances.

Reactive Loads

Starting
Running
Loaded

RESISTIVE LOADS

2009-09-07T16:16:00.001-07:00

The equation shows the relationship between watts, volts and amps in a PURELY RESISTIVE load. If you know any of the two variables, the third can be calculated.
Example: You want a generator to power a 1000 watt flood light. The light is 120V and requires 1000 watts of power. Using the equation, we can calculate that the floodlight will draw 8.3 amps of electrical current.

For REACTIVE loads, the equation shows only a general relationship between watts, volts and amps. That's because the power requirements for REACTIVE loads changes with operating conditions.

Resistive Loads

Watts = Volts x Amps

LOADS

2009-09-07T16:15:00.001-07:00

In the previous example, the light bulbs are the LOAD of the generator. The EM2500 generator can handle a LOAD of no more than 2500 watts maximum.
The light bulb example is called a RESISTIVE type load and the POWER it requires is pretty easy to understand. Other RESISTIVE types of LOAD are things like toasters, convection ovens, hot plates, curling irons, coffee makers, stereos and TV's. RESISTIVE LOADS are usually those that do not have electric motors.

Another load is the REACTIVE type and is a little more confusing. Typically, a REACTIVE load contains an electric motor. This type of load may require up to three times as much power (wattage) to START as it does to keep it running. Examples of REACTIVE type loads are air conditioners, refrigerators / freezers, furnace fans, well pumps, bench grinders and air compressors.

Loads

Resistive
Reactive

MAXIMUM AND RATED POWER

2009-09-07T16:13:00.000-07:00

A generator should never be operated at its MAXIMUM power output for more than 30 minutes.
RATED power is a more reliable measure of generator power. It is the power that a generator can produce for long periods of time. Typically the RATED power is 90% of the MAXIMUM power.

Rated and Maximum

Model number = maximum . output in watts.
Maximum power for 1/2 hour.
Rated is usually 10% less.

GENERATOR POWER

2009-09-07T16:12:00.000-07:00

Most generators produce AC voltage, very similar to the voltage available in your home.
The amount of power that a generator can produce is rated in watts (power).

For Example, an EM2500 generator produces a MAXIMUM 2500 watts of power. This means the EM2500 could provide power to 25 one hundred watt light bulbs at the same time. The generator would then be at its MAXIMUM power output.

Generator Power

Model = Power
Power = Watts

GENERATOR USAGE

2009-09-07T16:11:00.000-07:00

Generators are used to perform a wide variety of chores. The wide variety of generators meet the demands of the variety of almost all potential users. Generators offered by GeneratorJoe provide a high quality power source that is reliable and convenient to use.

Generator Usage

Homeowner - Stand-by
Recreation - Boating - Camping
Commercial - Industrial - . Construction - .Rental

Understanding Loads & Sizing

2009-09-07T16:10:00.000-07:00

This page explains how to determine loads so that you can size your generator for your needs. Normally you want to power the "essential" things and leave some room for other uses.
You must always remember that the generator cannot run at full load for long periods. Always assume that you will need more items powered rather then less and leave a margin of safety above and beyond the continuous load of the generator you select.

It is less expensive to buy more power (higher wattage) in one unit then to buy a second unit or "upgrade" by trading in your old generator for a new one. Often installation costs for a larger unit is a fraction more initially but if you have to upsize your connection afterwards its very expensive.

All these require common sense judgment and some experience. Ask your electrician for advise, he can help you decide what you need.

Below is a short tutorial which will help you understand the basics. The Wattage Guide will provide you with values for the most common items at home and on the job. If you can get nameplate data your calculations will be more accurate, however using the Guide will be sufficient in most cases, especially if you leave yourself plenty of growing room. Make sure you have plenty of size by getting generator big enough for now and the future.

Go to Calculations to use your new understanding and apply the numbers you gathered. You should be able to determine the right size generator for you.

look Meadowfield GenPower

2009-09-07T15:53:00.000-07:00

Meadowfield GenPower Ltd can provide you with a comprehensive product line of modern diesel powered generator sets. they have sets available from 10kva to 500kva and can source larger units if required. they can assess and match your specific needs.
they specialise in diesel powered gensets and provide their clients with first class service based on old style customer orientated values. With the emphasis being on quality of services and commitment to ongoing customer satisfaction.

Gensets can be supplied in all weather acoustic, super silent or skid mounted form. Equipped with Automatic Mains Failure. Fuel storage is internal, but bunded bulk fuel tanks can be supplied for long non-attended operational periods.

Full installation services can be supplied, or the customer can do this in-house if preferred.
for more info

GENERATOR FUEL - WHAT GENERATOR FUEL IS BEST?

2009-09-04T19:16:00.000-07:00

There are many advantages and disadvantages to different types of fuel. Nearly all Generators use either gasoline, diesel, natural gas or propane. The following information will hopefully answer any questions or concerns you may have concerning different fuel sources. Some general features of the generator itself influence purchase decision. Where possible we indicted hardware and environmental differences in generator set types. You should consider all the factors shown. POSITIVE, NEGATIVE, GENERATOR FACTORS, are shown by the color of the features.

Gasoline: Advantages:
Common fuel source - easily obtained
Increases portability of smaller generators

Disadvantages:
Highly flammable
Short shelf life of fuel (approximately 12 months)
Storing large quantities of fuel is hazardous
May not be available during power outages
Somewhat expensive fuel, check your local prices
Inefficient

Diesel: Advantages:
Least flammable fuel source
Fuel easily obtained (fuel is easier to obtain during a disaster because it is a necessary fuel for the military, trucking industry, and farming operations)
On site fuel delivery available
Engine life for liquid-cooled 1800 RPM engines can approach 20,000 hours if properly serviced depending on the application and environment.
High speed 3600 RPM diesel engines normally have a 10,000 to 15,000 hour life expectancy with proper maintenance and service under most conditions
Less expensive to operate. The general rule of thumb for fuel consumption is 7% of the rated generator output (Example: 20 kW x 7% = 1.4 gallon per hour at full load).
Designed for off-road applications and can operate on dyed or farm/construction diesel fuel which is sold without the road tax and thus is considerably cheaper to purchase.
Engines designed to work under a load for long periods of time and perform better when worked hard rather than operated under light loads.
Can operate in sub-artic conditions with fuel additive.
Equipment is competitively priced for a comparative sized water-cooled gaseous models with the same features.
In high use situations overall long term cost of operation is much lower than gaseous GenSets.
Diesel Fuel Use Chart
Disadvantages:
18-24 month shelf life, without additives
Installing large storage tanks raises cost of system
May not be available during power outages.
Diesel fuel storage must be considered relative to required run time in your geographical area. If you live in hurricane country you might need a large fuel tank due to the high possibility of extended power outages
Engine noise is higher on a diesel compared to a gaseous engine. Use of a properly designed enclosure and sound attenuation system is more critical on a diesel engine system.
Subject to "wet stacking" or over fueling if run for long periods of time with ultra light loads (less than 40% of the rated output). "Wet Stacking" causes the engine to smoke and run rough because the injectors become carbonized. Running a heavy load will usually clean up the over-fuel condition and allow the engine to perform normally. Diesel engines operate better and are more fuel efficient when loaded (70-80% is optimum).
In sensitive emission areas in some states diesel engines are prohibited from operating over a prescribed number of hours per year to help reduce pollution levels
Requires clean moisture free fuel and a bit more maintenance than a comparable gaseous unit;
Some cities and counties require the generator on-board fuel tanks to be double-wall containment type which can increase the cost of the generator system.
Typically heavier and require more planning to load and unload than a lightweight gaseous GenSet.

Bio-Diesel: Advantages: (Same as Diesel see above)
Least flammable fuel source
Easily obtained
On site fuel delivery available

Bio-Diesel is a cleaner-burning diesel replacement fuel made from natural, renewable sources such as new and used vegetable oils and animal fats. Like petroleum diesel, Bio-Diesel operates in compression-ignition engines. Blends of up to 20% Bio-Diesel (mixed with petroleum diesel fuels) can be used in nearly all diesel equipment and are compatible with most storage and distribution equipment. These low level blends (20% and less) don't require any engine modifications and can provide the same payload capacity as diesel. Using Bio-Diesel in a conventional diesel engine substantially reduces emissions.
Disadvantages: (Same as Diesel see above)
18-24 month shelf life, without additives
Installing large storage tanks raises cost of system
May not be available during power outages
Obtaining oils and other fuels.
Mixing and maintaining proper percentage of oils/fuel

Emulsified Diesel: Advantages: (Same as Diesel see above)
Least flammable fuel source
Easily obtained
On site fuel delivery available

This is diesel that is mixed with a small percentage of water and an agent that keeps the water and diesel mixed. By adding the water to the diesel a smaller amount emissions are created when the fuel is burned.
Disadvantages: (Same as Diesel see above)
18-24 month shelf life, without additives
Installing large storage tanks raises cost of system
May not be available during power outages
Obtaining oils and other fuels
Mixing and maintaining proper percentage of water/fuel

Propane:*

*See propane notes below.
Advantages:
Long shelf life
Clean burning
Easily stored in both large tanks or in smaller 5 - 10 gallon cylinders
Obtainable during power outages - gas stations may be unable to pump fuel during an area wide outage
Home delivery available for larger tanks
Quieter engine noise level
More emission compliant
Gaseous engines do not have a problem with "wet stacking like diesels
Less expensive units with air-cooled engines are budget priced.
Engine life for liquid-cooled 1800 RPM engines can approach 5,000 to 6,000 hours on industrial quality gaseous GenSets
Disadvantages:
Pressurized cylinder of flammable gas
Fuel system is more complicated (increased possibility of failure)
Larger tanks are not aesthetically pleasing (unsightly)
Fuel system plumbing results in higher installation cost
Somewhat expensive fuel, check your local prices
Propane can become very dangerous if lines are broken.
Propane begins to derate around -20 degrees above zero
Initial cost of generator is somewhat higher, 15 to 20% especially in sizes larger than 30 kW.
More expensive to operate by as much as 3-times the fuel consumption compared to diesels;
Shorter life expectancy by a factor or 10 to 1for air-cooled models and 3 to 1 for water-cooled models compared to diesel powered GenSets
Smaller air-cooled gaseous engines are less expensive than comparable diesels but have a short life expectancy as low as 500-hours depending on engine make and use
Shorter life than diesel engines

Natural Gas:
Advantages:
Unlimited fuel source - refueling not necessary
Clean burning
More available during power outage.
Quieter engine noise level
More emission compliant
More convenient fuel source (natural gas)
Gaseous engines do not have a problem with "wet stacking like diesels
less expensive units with air-cooled engines are budget priced.

Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons (mainly methane (CH4)) and is produced either from gas wells or in conjunction with crude oil production. Because of the gaseous nature of this fuel, it must be stored onboard a vehicle in either a compressed gaseous state (CNG) or more commonly as liquefied state (LNG).
Disadvantages:
May be unavailable during natural disasters (earthquakes, etc)
Lower power output (30% less BTU's per unit than gasoline.
Fuel system plumbing results in higher installation cost.
Fuel not available in many areas.
Natural gas (NG) begins to derate at +20 degrees above zero.
Initial cost of generator is somewhat higher, 15 to 20% especially in sizes larger than 30 kW.
More expensive to operate by as much as 3-times the fuel consumption compared to diesels;
Shorter life expectancy by a factor or 10 to 1for air-cooled models and 3 to 1 for water-cooled models compared to diesel powered GenSets
Smaller air-cooled gaseous engines are less expensive than comparable diesels but have a short life expectancy as low as 500-hours depending on engine make and use.
Hurricanes and earthquakes can disrupt the flow of natural gas lines with up-rooted trees
Natural Gas can become very dangerous if lines are broken.

INDUSTRIAL DIESEL ENGINE TYPES AND APPLICATIONS

2009-09-04T19:07:00.000-07:00

What is a Diesel Engine?
The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine; more specifically, it is a compression ignition engine. The fuel in a diesel engine is ignited by suddenly exposing it to the high temperature and pressure of a compressed gas containing oxygen (usually atmospheric air), rather than a separate source of ignition energy (such as a spark plug). This process is known as the diesel cycle after Rudolf Diesel, who invented it in 1892. While traditional diesel engine generators may not fit into our definition of 'alternative energy' sources, they are still a valuable addition to a remote power or grid back-up system.

Types of Diesel Engines
There are two classes of diesel engines: two-stroke and four-stroke. Most diesel engines generally use the four-stroke cycle, with some larger engines operating on the two-stroke cycle. Normally, banks of cylinders are used in multiples of two, though any number of cylinders can be used as long as the load on the crankshaft is counterbalanced to prevent excessive vibration.
Generator sets produce either single or three phase power. Most homeowners require single phase whereas industrial or commercial applications usually require three phase power. Diesel engine generators are recommended due to their longevity and lower operating costs. Modern diesel engines are quiet and generally require much less maintenance than comparably sized gas (natural gas or propane) units.

Diesel Engine Generators - Commercial/Industrial Applications
Diesel generators are designed to meet the needs of small and medium-sized businesses apart from heavy usage in industries. A generator is a revolutionary product that brings clean and affordable standby power within the reach of millions of enterprises, homes and small businesses. Reducing the cost of backup power and making generators easy to install is becoming the norm these days.

Businesses lose money when they shut down during a blackout. Considering the impact of significant revenue loss, the economics of investing in standby power is compelling. To illustrate the point: If a retail business averages $1000 an hour at the cash register, the loss of revenue during an extended outage will be very high, not to mention the cost of having employees idle during that time. However, diesel powered generators eliminate the risk of a blackout. Add the advantages of being open while competitors without backup power are shut down and the cost / benefit analysis looks even better. Investing in generators is a simple way to safeguard revenue, maintain security, avoid losses, and protect the bottom line.

Most modern generators are engineered to meet emergency power needs. These units continuously monitor the electrical current and automatically start up if power is interrupted and shut off when utility service is returned. In industries, during critical processes, generators can supply emergency power to all vital and selected loads as desired. This quality leads to widespread use of diesel-powered generators across recreational, residential, commercial, communication, and industrial applications. Today, most state-of-the-art- hospitals, five star hotels, business process outsourcing centers, manufacturing plants, telecommunications organizations, commercial buildings, data centers, emergency facilities, large industries, and mining companies require uninterrupted power and have backup diesel engine generators.

On the Road:
The vast majority of modern heavy road vehicles like trucks and buses, ships, long-distance trains, large-scale portable power generators, and most farm and mining vehicles have diesel engines. However, in some countries they are not nearly as popular in passenger vehicles as they are heavier, noisier, have performance characteristics that make them slower to accelerate. In general, they are also more expensive than petrol vehicles. Modern diesel engines have come a long way and with Turbo Direct Injection systems now in vehicles, one would be hard-pressed to notice a difference between diesel and gasoline engines.

In some countries, where tax rates make diesel fuel much cheaper than petrol, diesel vehicles are very popular. Newer designs have significantly narrowed differences between petrol and diesel vehicles in these areas. The BMW diesel lab in Austria is considered to be the worldwide leader in the development of automotive diesel engines. After a long spell with relatively few diesel cars in its lineup, Mercedes Benz has returned to diesel-powered cars in the 21st century with an emphasis on high performance.

In the agricultural field, tractors, irrigation pumps and threshing machines and other equipment are predominantly diesel powered. Construction is another sector that relies heavily on diesel power. All concrete pavers, scrapers, rollers, trenchers and excavators run on diesel.

In the Sky:
A few airplanes have been using diesel engines since the late 1930s. The newer automotive diesel engines have power-weight ratios comparable to the ancient spark-ignition designs and have far superior fuel efficiency. Their use of electronic ignition, fuel injection, and sophisticated engine management systems also makes them far easier to operate than mass-produced spark-ignition aircraft engines. The cost of diesel fuel compared to petrol has led to considerable interest in diesel-powered small general aviation planes, and several manufacturers have recently begun selling diesel engines for this purpose.

On Water:
High-speed engines are used to power tractors, trucks, yachts, buses, cars, compressors, generators and pumps. The largest diesel engines are used to power ships and liners along the high seas. These huge engines have power outputs up to 90,000 kW, turn at about 60 to 100 rpm, and are 15 meters tall.

Underground:
The mining and mineral extraction sector worldwide relies heavily on diesel power to harness natural resources such as aggregates, precious metals, iron ore, oil, gas, and coal. Diesel-powered shovels and drills excavate these products and load them into enormous mining trucks or onto conveyer belts that also operate on the same fuel. Overall, diesel accounts for 72 percent of the energy used by the mining sector.

Both surface and underground mining operations rely on diesel-powered equipment to extract materials and load trucks. The largest rubber-tired, diesel-powered equipment used in mining are enormous off-road trucks with engines of over 2,500 horsepower, capable of hauling over 300 tons per load. These giant trucks trundling across the land are a sight to behold.

In Hospitals
Emergency backup generators are a must have for any major medical healthcare facilities. Due to the critical nature of the work these facilities do and the position their patients are in, power failures are simply not an option. For many years, both military and public hospitals have relied on industrial strength generator sets to take over whenever the power goes out, whether it's from a local outage or major natural disaster like a hurricane or flood.

Behind Datacenters
Computers are at the heart of today's industry. When servers and systems go down, communications can be lost, business stops, data is lost, workers sit idle, and just about everything comes to a halt. It is for that reason that almost all communications and telecommunications companies of all shapes turn to diesel generators as their primary backup power option. With the reliability of their services affecting so many people, they really have no choice but to have a solid backup power option in place for both their business, and the customers they serve.

Summary
Diesel is used in most industrial sectors overwhelmingly because it provides more power per unit of fuel and its lower volatility makes it safer to handle. One really exciting prospect of diesel over petrol is the possibility of eliminating petroleum consumption entirely. Most diesel engines can be coaxed into burning vegetable oil instead of diesel and all of them can burn various processed forms of vegetable oil without loss in life or efficiency.

DIESEL FUELED GENERATORS - A RECOMMENDATION

2009-09-01T13:01:00.000-07:00

Diesel engine generators the best choice for your generator needs for longevity & efficiency.
Why is diesel a better choice for your generator application?

We recommend diesels due to their:

a) Longevity - Think of all the18 wheeler trucks capable of 1,000,000 miles of operation before major service. Most trucks are diesel powered.

b) Lower fuel costs - Diesel uses less fuel consumption per kilowatt (kW) produced).

c) Lower maintenance costs - diesel have fewer parts. no spark system, more rugged and more reliable engine.

Today’s modern diesels are quiet and normally require less maintenance than comparably sized gas (natural gas or propane) units. Overall operating costs are typically thirty to fifty percent less than gasoline units.

Diesel engines running at 1800 RPM and water cooled operate on average for 12,000 to 30,000 hours before major maintenance is required. Gasoline engines running at 1800 RPM and water cooled gas units normally operate on average for 6,000 to10,000 hours because they are built using lighter duty gasoline engine blocks.

Gasoline engines running at 3600 rpm and air cooled are normally replaced – not overhauled at 500 to 1500 hours.

Gasoline units run hotter due to the higher BTU rating of the fuel, you will therefore see significantly shorter gasoline engine life. Diesels run cooler and last longer.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GASOLINE AND DIESEL ENGINES

Fuel Gasoline Diesel

Fuel
Ignition

Gasoline
Takes a mixture of gas and air, compresses it and ignites the mixture with a spark.

Diesel
Takes in just air, compresses it and then injects fuel into the compressed air. The heat of the compressed air lights the fuel spontaneously.

Fuel
Compression

Gasoline
Compresses at a ratio of 8:1 to 12:1

Diesel
Compresses at a ratio of 14:1 to as high as 25:1. The higher compression ratio of the diesel engine leads to better efficiency.

Fuel
Fuel Provision

Gasoline
Uses either carburetion, in which the air and fuel is mixed long before the air enters the cylinder, or port fuel injection, in which the fuel is injected just prior to the intake stroke (outside the cylinder).

Diesel
Uses direct fuel injection -- the diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinder. The diesel engine has no spark plug, that it intakes air and compresses it and that it then injects the fuel directly into the combustion chamber (direct injection). It is the heat of the compressed air that lights the fuel in a diesel engine.

Fuel
Injection Process

Gasoline
Most car engines use port injection or a carburetor rather than direct injection. In a car engine, therefore, all of the fuel is loaded into the cylinder during the intake stroke and then compressed. The compression of the fuel/air mixture limits the compression ratio of the engine -- if it compresses the air too much, the fuel/air mixture spontaneously ignites and causes knocking.

Diesel
Diesels compress only air, so the compression ratio can be much higher. The higher the compression ratio, the more power is generated.

Fuel
Injector Engineering

Gasoline
Fuel injected gasoline engines is more refined and less problematic then diesel engines because the fuel is easier to ignite.

Diesel
The injector on a diesel engine is its most complex component and has been the subject of a great deal of experimentation -- in any particular engine it may be located in a variety of places. The injector has to be able to withstand the temperature and pressure inside the cylinder and still deliver the fuel in a fine mist. Getting the mist circulated in the cylinder so that it is evenly distributed is also a problem, so some diesel engines employ special induction valves, pre-combustion chambers or other devices to swirl the air in the combustion chamber or otherwise improve the ignition and combustion process.

Fuel
Starting Process

Gasoline
Smaller engines and engines that do not have such advanced computer controls use glow plugs to solve the cold-starting problem

Diesel
When a diesel engine is cold, the compression process may not raise the air to a high enough temperature to ignite the fuel. The glow plug is an electrically heated wire (think of the hot wires you see in a toaster) that helps ignite the fuel when the engine is cold so that the engine can start.
____________________________
In today's world, where fuel prices are increasing as a consequence of spiraling demand and diminishing supply, you need to choose a cost effective fuel to meet your needs. Thanks to the invention of Rudolph Diesel, the diesel engine has proved to be extremely efficient and cost effective. Diesel fuel is priced moderately higher than gasoline but diesel has a higher energy density, i.e. more energy can be extracted from diesel as compared with the same volume of gasoline. Diesel engines in automobiles provide higher mileage, making it an obvious choice for heavy-duty transportation and equipment. Diesel is heavier and oilier compared with gasoline, and has a boiling point higher than that of water. Diesel engines are attracting greater attention due to higher efficiency and cost effectiveness.

How Does a Diesel Engine Work?

The distinction lies in the type of ignition. While gasoline engines operate on spark ignition, diesel engines employ compression - ignition for igniting the fuel. In the latter, air is drawn into the engine and subjected to high compression that heats it up. This results in a very high temperature in the engine, much higher than the temperature attained in a gasoline engine. At peak temperature and pressure, diesel that is let into the engine ignites on account of the extreme temperature.

In a diesel engine air and the fuel are infused into the engine at different stages, as opposed to a gas engine where a mixture of air and gas are introduced. Fuel is injected into the diesel engine using an injector whereas in a gasoline engine, a carburetor is used for this purpose. In a gasoline engine, fuel and air are sent into the engine together, and then compressed. The air and fuel mixture limits fuel compression, and hence the overall efficiency. A diesel engine compresses only air, and the ratio can be much higher. A diesel engine compresses at the ratio of 14:1 up to 25:1, whereas in a gasoline engine the compression ratio is between 8:1 and 12:1. After combustion, the combustion by-products are removed from the engine through the exhaust. For starting during cold months extra heat is provided through 'glow plugs'.

Diesel engines can either be two cycle or four cycle and are chosen depending on mode of operation. Air-cooled and liquid-cooled engines are the variants to be chosen appropriately. It is preferable to use a liquid-cooled generator as it is quiet in operation and has evenly controlled temperature.

Advantages of a Diesel Engine

The diesel engine is much more efficient and preferable as compared with gasoline engine due to the following reasons:

Modern diesel engines have overcome disadvantages of earlier models of higher noise and maintenance costs. They are now quiet and require less maintenance as compared with gas engines of similar size.
They are more rugged and reliable.
There is no sparking as the fuel auto-ignites. The absence of spark plugs or spark wires lowers maintenance costs.
Fuel cost per Kilo Watt (kW) produced is thirty to fifty percent lower than that of gas engines.
An 1800 rpm water cooled diesel unit operates for 12,000 to 30,000 hours before any major maintenance is necessary. An 1800 rpm water cooled gasoline unit usually operates for 6000-10,000 hours before it needs servicing.
Gas units burn hotter than diesel units, and hence they have a significantly shorter life compared with diesel units.

Applications & Uses for Diesel Engines

Diesel engines are commonly used as mechanical engines, power generators and in mobile drives. They find wide spread use in locomotives, construction equipment, automobiles, and countless industrial applications. Their realm extends to almost all industries and can be observed on a daily basis if you were to look under the hood of everything you pass by. Industrial diesel engines and diesel powered generators have construction, marine, mining, hospital, forestry, telecommunications, underground, and agricultural applications, just to name a few. Power generation for prime or standby backup power is the major application of today's diesel generators. Check out our article on the various types of engines and generators and their common applications for more examples.

Power Generators

Diesel powered generators, or electrical generator sets, are used in countless industrial and commercial establishments. The generators can be used for small loads, such as in homes, as well as for larger loads like industrial plants, hospitals, and commercial buildings. They can either be prime power sources or standby/back-up power sources. They are available in various specifications and sizes. Diesel generator sets rating 5-30KW are typically used in simple home and personal applications like recreational vehicles. Industrial applications cover a wider spectrum of power ratings (from 30 kW to 6 Megawatts) and are used in numerous industries throughout the globe. For home use, single-phase power generators are sufficient. Three-phase power generators are primarily used for industrial purposes.

Compare Convenience and Cost - Portable vs Stationary

2009-08-28T11:49:00.000-07:00

Most people can not live comfortably without continuous, stable electrical power. Thousands of people purchase small electric generator sets to protect themselves, their families and their businesses in the likely event of power failures. Here are some basic tips.

Portable vs. Stationary – Let’s Compare Convenience and Cost

Although a portable generator can be manhandled, with an average weight of 250-300 lbs, you can't call them lightweight. If you purchase one, make sure it comes with a set of wheels (sometimes these are optional). Portables are universally fueled with gasoline, a fuel that requires safe storage and extra care in handling. Some portables have very small fuel tanks, so they need refueling every half hour or so. Given the choice, go for a portable generator with at least a 5 gal tank. And don’t forget that gasoline doesn’t store very well and will get gummy over time.

Portable generator owners usually employ a series of extension cords to connect the generator to specific items in their house, such as a refrigerator, lights, computer, and TV. Although this system works, it is most practical for outages of a short duration. Most portable generators are “rope started”, like lawnmowers. If your wife, teenager or elderly relative will be using the generator (not recommended) you should go for an electric start option, if available. As you can see, there is essentially nothing automatic about a portable generator.

On the other hand, a stationary (automatic) generator averages $5,972 - but look at the differences!

Stationary generators start at about 500 lbs and are designed with a weather protective housing that mounts outdoors on a level surface. Fuel is continuously supplied via your natural gas service or propane tank, whichever you choose. Your electrician will “hard wire” the electrical cables to your distribution panel (no extension cords to deal with here).

Starting is fully automatic. In fact, it can take just 15-30 seconds from the beginning of the power outage until the generator is completely up and running. This type of generator employs an automatic transfer switch which monitors the incoming power and switches the generator on and off as needed.

How do you know which size generator you need?

Determining the size of your generator is all important. Electric power is measured in watts and 1,000 watts is called a kilowatt. All electrical appliances in your home have an electrical tag or label on them, which states the wattage. Sometimes the tag shows only the voltage and amperage. If this is the case, multiply the voltage by the amperage to get the wattage. Example: say the electrical label on the back of your toaster reads 120 volts and 10 amps. To get the wattage, 120 V x 10 A = 1200 watts. Since 1000 watts = one kilowatt, the load can also be considered 1.2KW.

Add up the wattages of the loads that you consider essential, then multiply by 75% to account for the fact that everything will not be on at the same time. It’s a good idea to discuss your loads with an electrician - he can also determine or verify your loads easily and quickly using his ammeter.

Portable generators usually range from 3-15KW but you can only get 1/2 the power out of each large outlet unless the generator has a full power plug (which is rare). Stationary generators are in the 7-40KW or larger range. The larger sizes are normally needed only if you have heavy electrical loads like a large well pump or a central air conditioner. The average sized generator for a normal home (without a central air conditioner) is in the 10-12KW range.

COMPARISON OF PORTABLE AND STATIONARY GENERATORS FOR HOME STANDBY USE

2009-08-28T11:44:00.000-07:00

is is a comparison of a 5,000 and 10,000 watt portable generator compared to a 12,000 watt Onan Residential Standby generator. We used our experience and costs based on Santa Rosa, CA. Not all areas of the country will be the same or have the same conditions.
Cost is only one factor. Carefully consider the safety, security, setup and storage issues shown on the chart. Please read the summary at the end of this chart too! Whether you agree or now we want you to be informed. No matter what you decide to purchase we would like to have your order.

We have residential generators from 8,000 watts (8 kW) to 45,000 watts (45 kW), in propane, natural gas and diesel. We have portable generators from 1,000 watts (1 kW) to 15,000 watts (15 kW) in gasoline, diesel, propane and natural gas. The majority of portable generators are gasoline powered.

We will be offering portable kits which include a generator, transfer switch, cord and outlet box for one low price. To see our kits click Portable Kits. COMING SOON!

If you are considering a portable for an RV use, see our chart at Portable vs RV. For more information about fuels see Generator Fuels.

COMPARISON OF CATEGORIES BETWEEN PORTABLE AND STATIONARY GENERATORS FOR HOME STANDBY USE
Category Typical Portable Stationary Winner
6,000 Watts 12,000 Watts Stationary
Models Portable vs Residential Winco WC6000HE Onan RS12000 Onan RS12000
Time of Need Usually at night, bad weather Must be protected from rain. In protected cabinet. Stationary
Powers % of House 50% 100% Stationary
Largest Single Load Due to plug restrictions 20 Amps 100 Amps Stationary
Remote Control/Start Automatic Preferred No Auto-start Auto-start Standard Stationary
Auto Choking Automatic Preferred No Auto-choke Auto-Choke Standard Stationary
Move In/Out Permanent Desirable Required unless shelter Move not required Stationary
Setup or Connecting Permanent Desirable Required unless shelter Always Connected Stationary
Transfer of Power Automatic Preferred Manual Only Automatic Stationary. Automatic
Unattended Operation Unattended desirable Short Periods Only Runs Unattended Stationary
Operation by Family Desirable Usually difficult Automatic Operation Stationary
Weather Protection Desirable Requires shelter or move out/in Enclosure Standard Stationary
Security Desirable Easy to steal if left out Anchored to ground Stationary
Security During Operation Highly Desirable Must go outside during storm to start and refuel Runs Automatically Stationary
Security Storage Highly Desirable Must keep inside and drain fuel Secure Outside Stationary
Fuel Tank Type Strongest Preferred Usually plastic Usually steel Stationary
Fuel Tank Size Larger better than smaller 4.5 gallons 50-100 gallons Stationary
Run Time per Tank Longer is better at 1/2 load 11.2 hours
at full load 5 hours 200 gallon tank lasts 40 hours Stationary
Refueling Automatic Preferred Every 5-11 hours @ 1/2 load Every 40 hours Stationary
Storage of Fuel Desirable, if safe Fuel cans outside,
not inside In Tank Outside Stationary
Fuel Economy @ Full Load Poor Excellent Stationary
Refueling System Automatic Preferred By hand with cans, stop generator By Fuel Supplier Stationary
Layout Simple is Preferred See Diagrams See Diagrams Stationary
Number of Parts Smallest number preferred 4, generator, switch, outlet, cord 2, generator & switch Stationary
Generator Cost Lower is better than higher $1,918 $4,202 Stationary
Transfer Switch Cost Lower is better than higher Gen-Tran 200600, Manual, $235 Onan Indoor, 100 Amp, Automatic, $670 Portable, Manual
Other Parts Outlet box, cords, plug Gen-Tran $125 Fuel Tank, $200 Stationary
Estimated Install Labor (electrician) Lower is better than higher $500 $900 Stationary
Total Initial Cost Lower is better than higher $2,778.00 $5,972, ($3,194 more) Portable
Cost Per Hour to Run @ 1/2 Load Lower is better than higher 0.53 gallons per hour or $1.50 hr 54 cu.ft/hr,
< $1.00 hour Stationary
Estimated Life Hours Longer is better than shorter 2,000 10,000 Stationary
Years of Life Longer is better than shorter 555 15 Stationary
Cost per year life years Lower is better than higher $574 $398 Stationary
Noise Lower is better than higher 79 db(A) <70 db(A) Stationary
Oil Capacity Larger better than smaller 1 Quart 3 quarts Stationary
Adds to value of home? According to RE appraiser No Yes 50% Minimum Stationary
Need Permit? According to City of Santa Rosa in California No Yes, $25 Portable

Even though the Portable is cheaper overall, by almost double in the 6,000 watt size and only $3,194 more in the 12,000 watt size; you have to ask yourself, is it worth the savings. I reality you only get 50 % of the power off a portable because you can only get the output from one plug which is 1/2 of the generators capacity unless there is a full power plug.

If you, (or your family members if you are out of town, sick or injured), must struggle one time to haul the portable out, plug it in and refuel it in foul weather at night every 4-11 hours, is it worth the difference in savings.

Read the list over a few times and you should conclude that unless you love to get cold and wet, stay up late and play survivor, your better off to have an installed system that is totally automatic.

REMEMBER: Cost is only one factor. Carefully consider the safety, security, setup and storage issues shown on the chart. Please read the summary at the enc of this chart as well. Whether you agree or now we want you to be informed. No matter what you decide to purchase we would like to have your order.

We have residential generators from 8,000 watts (8 kW) to 45,000 watts (45 kW), in propane, natural gas and diesel. We have portable generators from 1,000 watts (1 kW) to 15,000 watts (15 kW) in gasoline, diesel, propane and natural gas. The majority of portable generator are gasoline powered.

We will be offering portable kits which include a generator, transfer switch, cord and outlet box for one low price. To see our kits click Portable Kits. COMING SOON!

If you are considering a portable for an RV use, see our chart at Portable vs RV. For more information about fuels see Generator Fuels.

TRANSFER SWITCHES

2009-08-28T11:39:00.000-07:00

For safety's sake, hire a licensed electrician to install a transfer switch that distributes power from the generator to the home's circuit box. This reduces the need for multiple extension cords running from the generator to specific appliances, and eliminates the risk of electrical "back feed" injuring utility workers working on downed power lines.

The transfer switch (around $150 and up) is installed beside the main electrical panel, and then it's connected to circuits you'll need during a blackout. When the power goes out, you simply crank up the generator and run a single extension cord from it to the transfer switch. We sell transfer switches for small generators manufactured by Gen-Tran, to get more information, Just Click > Transfer Switches, Portable-Small Applications. For larger systems, Just Click > Transfer Switches, Large and Industrial.

Once the generator is running, you can choose which circuits you want to use by flipping the switches on the transfer switch.

It's important to keep track of what's being powered because the transfer switch is often wired into more circuits than the generator can handle all at once.

A typical transfer-switch installation will take less than two hours and cost around $100-$200, but it's an investment that will be fully appreciated the next time the power goes out.
Make your installation simple so all family members can use the generator safely. Make an instruction sheet and put it with the generator so family members know what to do to restore power.

NOW GET TO WORK AND FIGURE OUT WHAT YOU NEED FOR YOUR HOME OR BUSINESS STANDBY GENERATOR!

HOME STANDBY GENERATORS

2009-08-28T11:38:00.000-07:00

If you want the convenience, security, and comfort of a generator but don't want to venture out in inclement weather to get it started, you might want to consider getting an emergency standby generator.

These personal power plants supply electricity to the majority of your house, not just to a few selected circuits. The all-weather generators are installed outside like a central air conditioner and are wired through an automatic transfer switch to the main electrical panel.

The units run on natural gas, propane, or diesel fuel. Some systems can even be connected to a home's natural gas line, eliminating the need to fill fuel tanks.

When the power goes out, there's a slight delay of 15 to 20 seconds, then the generator automatically kicks on - whether you're home or not - and continues running until power is restored, when it will automatically shut off. If you have critical applications such as life support equipment, computers or similar systems, you can install a UPS (uninterruptible power supply, a battery in a special box), and there will be no interruption of power to these devices while the generator starts up.
These systems are becoming increasingly popular in newer homes with sophisticated computers and electronics, and in rural areas where prolonged power outages are common. To see our extensive line of home standby generators, Just Click > Residential & Commercial Packaged Systems.

For large generators fro 14 kW to 2000 kW, Just Click > Industrial GenSets - Single Phase or Industrial GenSets - Three Phase

PORTABLE GENERATORS

2009-08-28T11:32:00.000-07:00

A growing number of Americans are converting their portable gasoline generators into emergency backup power systems.

The minimum size recommended for home-emergency use is a 5,000-watt generator (starting around $600), which can power multiple appliances for 8 hours.

Portable generators are available on our site and can be shipped anywhere around the country. Retail stores carry them also but they become scarce during a blackout and often it is difficult to find the cords, plugs, transfer switches and other parts needed. Most generators sold in hardware stores are low quality, price cutting types of units. We sell contractor quality, built to last.

We carry several brands of portable generators including: VoltMaster Honda, Yamaha, Baldor, Winco, Onan, Robin and others. For more information on portable generators, Just Click > Portable Generators.

Extension Cords

The most common way to use a portable generator is to place it outdoors, then run an extension cord(s) through an open window or door to the chosen appliance. This approach works well for smaller generators because you can only plug in one or two items. You must connect the item directly unless you use a transfer switch. NOTE: You cannot run a generator indoors, not even in the garage, because a generator makes carbon-monoxide which is odorless an color-less and it can kill you and your family.

Be sure to use appropriately sized power cords to carry the electric load. If you use an undersized cord, you can potentially damage the generator and appliances.

Extension cords are rated by "gauges." For example, the most common size for generator use is 14, 12 and 10 gauge. The smaller the gauge number, the thicker the cord and the more electricity it can carry.

Extension cords have several other drawbacks. First, most extension cords can't be plugged into a furnace, well pump, or ceiling-light fixture. And, if they are placed under rugs or carpets, heat can build up and spark a fire.

For more information on cords, plugs and inlets boxes to use with your transfer switch, Just Click > Cords, Plugs and Outlet Boxes.

To see a summary of issues involving portable generator see Portable vs Stationary generators.

GENERATOR SIZES AND TYPES FOR HOME OR BUSINESS

2009-08-28T11:23:00.000-07:00

Home and business owners often ask us two questions:

1. What size generator do I need? and
2. Should use a portable or stationary generator for my home or business? This great article by Coleman, a leading manufacturer of home generators was adapted to answer this question for you. Read each section carefully and you will see how each type of generator fits into you power backup planning.

Power Generation, What Size Do I Need?

In the past, enduring a power outage was as simple as lighting a candle and the fireplace. Not anymore. Without electricity, basements can flood. Security systems can falter. Home businesses can fail. Many homeowners are unable or unwilling to wait out the next power outage, so they are installing backup power systems in their homes. The first step in purchasing a backup power source is figuring out how much power you need. Power generation systems are rated according to the number of kilowatts (kW) of electricity they produce. The following chart quickly summarizes how much electricity various power generators can produce.

Rated Watts
Description
Degrees of Power
5 kW
A basic system that can restore power to multiple "survival appliances".
Four lights, furnace fan, sump pump and refrigerator/freezer
6.5 kW
A small system to keep all the survival appliances operating and a few extras.
Survival appliances plus family room.
8 kW
A mid-Sized system to help you weather powerless days and nights.
Survival appliances plus family room and home office.
10 kW
An emergency backup power system providing comfort and security.
Survival appliances plus family room, home office and kitchen.
15 kW
A powerful system with enough energy to run a small home.
Survival appliances plus family room, home office kitchen and laundry room.
25 kW
A mini-power plant that can run a small to mid-sized home or business.
All of the above plus an air conditioning system.
30 kW and up
A mini-power plant that can run a mid-sized to large home or business.
All of the above and more. Live in total comfort.

For a more detailed analysis, use our interactive Wattage Requirement Guide to determine how much power you'll need during a blackout. It's very important not to run too many appliances at once and overload your emergency power source. As a general rule, the total running (rated) and starting watts of all the appliances being used at one time should not exceed the power source's wattage.

GENERATOR AMP RATINGS - THREE PHASE EXTENDED

2009-08-27T14:24:00.000-07:00

3 PHASE AMPERES - 80% POWER FACTOR* (Extended Table)

kW Times 1000 divided by (Volts*1.73) *.80

This chart approximates the amperage of a generator based on the size of the generator and the load on the generator at 100 percent of capacity. Please note that this table is intended to be used as an estimator is not an exact representation due to various factors that can increase or decrease amperage. Elevation, temperature, fuel quality, age, wire size and length and other factors can decrease the amount of power a specific installation can generate.

click here for detail

GENERATOR SIZING PROCEDURE - WHAT SIZE DO I NEED?

2009-08-27T14:14:00.000-07:00

Generator Sizing Guide
Power requirements must be determined to properly size your generator. We are providing some steps to assist you in approximating the size generator for your power needs. Please keep in mind that unless you are qualified, you should use a certified electrician to determine your power needs. At Americas Generators it is our goal to assist our customers in any way possible. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us.

STEPS TO DETERMINE GENERATOR REQUIREMENTS

Answer these questions, write down your answers.
Determine your need, What do you want to run in an emergency and why?

Do you want the generator to operate part or all of your home or office?

Identify the appliances and/or tools the generator will need to power.

Make a list and fill in the blanks. Click here for a printable form Use the form to make a list.

Determine the wattage for each appliance and tool you plan to use frequently.

Click here to get a list of common appliance's motors and other power uses.

Identify motor and pump requirements.

Use the motor and pump table by clicking Motor Table

Calculate and total the wattage for the motors and pumps frequently used.
Always use starting watts, not running watts, when determining the correct electrical load requirements. Calculations - Doing It Exactly

Total the wattage of the appliances & tools and the motors & pumps..
Keep in mind that you will not operate everything all at once. Therefore, for emergency use you don’t need to size the generator to operate everything just what you need to survive and be comfortable.Wattage Guide

Convert watts into kilowatts by dividing the total watts to determine the generator size required. Conversions

Please note that it is suggested, although not absolutely necessary, to size the generator 20-25% over the size you determine your needs to be. This will allow room for future growth. For example, if you determine that you will need a 15 kW generator then it is advisable to purchase an 18 kW generator to accommodate future expansion.

Frequently Asked Generator Questions

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Q1. How large a generator do I need for my home or small business?

A. Every home or small business is different. The size of the generator is based on the type of appliances, equipment, pumps, air-conditioners and other electrical devices requiring power.
Your service panel is normally rated at 200 amps @ 240 volts and the average home uses approximately 140 to 160 amps of 240 volts power to operate everything at the same time. Your larger appliances (well pump, kitchen stove, water heater, electric dryer, electric heater and heat pump system) will typically use 240 volts power and the lights and other smaller appliances will use 120 volt power. It is important to consider this difference in doing the load calculations because the important calculation is to determine just how many amps and watts you will need. For example, if you want to operate your refrigerator (20 amps x 120 volts = 2400 watts), freezer (20 amps x 120 volts = 2400 watts), electric hot water heater (20 amps x 240 volts = 4800 watts), washer (20 amps x 120 volts = 2,400 watts) and electric dryer (30 amps x 240 volts = 7200 watts) all at the same time you will need approximately 19,200 watts to meet the breaker requirements for these appliances. In reality the breakers are typically oversized for safety by 10 to 15% and the above appliances will not all operate at peak at the same time and the above load can be handled with a 15,000 watt (15 kW) generator set (GenSet).
The major appliances, pumps, or other motor driven devices that you plan to operate with your generator system need to be considered when calculating the minimum size of a generator. Sizing a generator system requires you to honestly assess your needs and wants.
Generally you can cut through all this stuff with these simple rules. If you have 100 Amp service panel, use a 8-12 kW GenSet (use larger if you have air conditioning). If you have a 200 Amp service panel, use a 15-20 kW GenSet (again use the larger size if you have air conditioning or large well pump). If you have a 400 amp service panel, use a 30-50 kW GenSet (if you have lots of air conditioning or other larger loads use the large size in the range).
There are some other power requirements that will help you establish a minimum size generator system: 1) Well pumps usually require 2-3 times the run watts to start the pump.2) Combination heat pump/air-conditioner systems are normally on 60 amp (14400 watts) breakers and use 30 amps (7200 watts) for the heat cycle and the same for the air-conditioning function.3) Electric furnaces are typically on 50 amp breaker. (6,000 watts at 120 volts) 4) Hot water heaters normally use between 20 amps (4,500 watts) and 25 amps (6,000 watts) depending on the size and efficiency design5) Electric kitchen stoves are usually on 50 amp (6,000 watts) breakers.6) Air-conditioners come in a variety of sizes and ratings which need to be calculated based on the BTU output. A 2-ton unit is rated at 24,000 BTU's 20 amps (5000 watts) to start the unit and 15 amps (3,600 watts) to operate it.

Q2. What is the advantage of buying a generator direct over the internet through GeneratorJoe as opposed to buying from a local dealer?

A. GeneratorJoe supplies many of the best generator products available in the world today at the most competitive prices available. Our factory direct program removes the middle man and generally saves the customer 10-30% off the normal dealer price. Retail stores are usually restricted to one brand. We have a wide selection of products so you get the best model for your application at the best possible price. GeneratorJoe gives you the selection and services needed to make it easier to own a generator system.
GeneratorJoe provides: Sales: Competent and knowledgeable salespeople to discuss all your requirements and application and to properly size and calculate all motor starting requirements.Customer Service: parts and warranty assistance on all products purchased from GeneratorJoe.Technical Support: trouble-shooting service via phone, fax, or e-mail. Shipping to your door or export freight forwarder Products: We have the best products on the market at the best Prices. We don't sell junk equipment, cheap imports, cheap hardware store brands or low price volume products that most generator companies wont sell. If we sell it, its quality.

Q3. Single or Three Phase? Is a 3-phase generator suitable for the average homeowner or small business?

A. Yes and No. Some manufacturers use an over-sized 12-wire 3-phase generator end for single-phase applications. This allows the generator system to be used for both single-phase and 3-phase applications. The advantage of using an over-sized generator in a 3-phase or single-phase application is to meet motor starting requirements without having to use an overly large diesel engine. For most residential applications are 1 phase (single phase) and using a 3 phase generator is a waste of money and fuel. If you have a 3 phase service you will need a 3 phase generator otherwise use a unit built as single phase. Be cautious, some dealers will try to sell you a 3 phase generator "strapped" for single phase. You will lose 30% of the generators output and use 30% more fuel to make single phase power.
If your generator system will power air-conditioning units, pumps, heat pumps, well pumps, welders, or irrigation pumps you need assistance calculating your service size let us know. We will make sure you get the right size. GeneratorJoe provides this service free. We will insure that the when your generator is built that the voltage is set and the GenSet is tested at the factory before shipment

Q4. What is the function of the electronic controller on a GenSet?

A. Most of the engine/generator controllers used today are digital and are designed to provide control of the generator set. (GenSet). The controller system monitors the operation of the engine and generator functions. Typical safety items include low oil pressure, high temperature, engine start over-crank, over/under frequency (speed), low coolant level etc. Modern digital controllers for residential or small business applications are typically a simplified LED indicators a start-stop button with or without auto-start. If the generator has auto-start, the controller can be used to interface with an automatic transfer switch or inverter/battery system to start and stop automatically. Usually manual controls are provided on al generators including those with auto-start. Advanced controllers provides real time monitoring of volts, hertz and amperage in addition to the basic engine/generator safeties and auto-start functions. Complex controllers typically installed on larger generator systems provide engine safeties and shutdowns for low oil pressure, high temperature, engine start over-crank, over/under-speed, low coolant level and also have indicators for low fuel level, KVA output, KW output, power factor (PF), engine & generator gauges in real time. Larger generators often have a communication capability for remote monitoring and starting.

Q5. Can I use a portable generator for an automatic starting system?

A. Generally No. Most portable generators do NOT have the capability to auto-start. The generator must have an electric starter, electric choke (for gasoline units) and the start and stop controls and safety sensors to be able to start and stop automatically. The cost of auto-start and safety equipment generally increases the price of portable equipment so much that no one would buy them, so they are not manufactured.

Q6. What kind of generator should I purchase - gaseous or diesel?

A. There are a number of factors to consider in evaluating the differences between a gaseous (natural gas or propane) powered engine.
See our Generator Fuel chart for a list of positive and negative factors of fuel and generator types. GeneratorJoe recommends the use of liquid-cooled diesel engine GenSets in hurricane environments where the potential for long run times is high or for prime duty applications where the generator is the prime source of power. GeneratorJoe carries a number of high quality diesel powered generator products designed to provide years of trouble-free operation.

Q7. Do 3600 RPM diesel generators last as long as 1800 RPM GenSets?

A. Generally the 1800 RPM engine speed will out last the 3600 RPM units. Most small diesel portable generators in the 3 kW to 6 kW class are air-cooled 3600 RPM engines are designed to keep the weight and cost down. Generally air cooled GenSets are for temporary use and have short lives. If you need a long term solution or have several outages a year or long outage times use a liquid cooled 1800 RPM GenSet.

Q8. We want the power generator to supply power to a computer system in our home or business; what are the issues involved?

A. Most generators sold by GeneratorJoe are designed to power computers. The majority of 1800 RPM and 3600 RPM liquid-cooled generators use automatic voltage regulated (AVR-Electronic module) generator systems that provide from 1% to 2% voltage regulation, which meets or exceeds the local utility power specifications. Some portable generators with capacitor regulation (voltage control from 5% to 10% or without AVR) can present a problem for some computer systems if the computer is plugged directly into the electrical circuit and does not use a battery regulated power supply or UPS. Another factor that impacts computers is the speed control, (which effects frequency in hertz) which is normally 3-5% with an engine mechanical governor regulation and .25% to .5% regulation with an electronic engine governor system. Mechanically governed systems are normally sufficient to provide clean power for sensitive electronics like computers. For computer service centers and other communication applications like radio and TV stations that use a UPS system, they usually use of an electronic governor. Electronic governors not only maintain engine speed more accurately but with a much quicker response time to no-load to load conditions which helps prevent voltage drop. Most industrial diesel engines equipped with auto-start can be equipped from the factory with an electronic governor depending on the manufacture and engine design, however the costs will be much higher than a mechanical governor and may not be necessary for most uses. GeneratorJoe has developed a series of Cummins diesel powered open and sound enclosed GenSets rated for both standby (emergency service less than 500 hours per year) or prime (main power source over 500 hours per year). The new GeneratorJoe Cummins powered Warrior and Gladiator Series represents one of the most competitively priced full featured quality diesel generators on the market today.

Q9. What does the term "Wet Stacking" mean in a diesel engine?

A. Diesel engines are designed to operate with a load. When a diesel engine operates considerably below the rated output level the engine can start to over-fuel or "Wet Stack". Diesel engines perform most efficiently in the 70-80% range of rated output. When an engine operates for a prolonged period of time below 40% of the rated output it begins to over-fuel. This is similar to driving a car in the City at slow speeds for long periods. Wet Stacking occurs because the injection tips began to carbonize and disrupt the fuel spray pattern. Commercial generator systems often have widely varying loads with some low output conditions often have wet stacking problems because of the diverse load applications and owners artificially load the generator with an automatic load bank. A load bank will place a "false" load on the generator system to keep the diesel engine properly loaded. Once a diesel engine begins to "wet stack" the only way to correct the problem is to load the engine for a couple of hours to burn off the excess fuel and clean up the engine. This is seldom necessary in a residential or commercial application. Generally, electronically controlled engines and engines with advanced emission systems are less likely to "wet stack". It is for this reason that proper sizing and design is important. GeneratorJoe can help you with all your sizing and design considerations.

Q10. What kind of maintenance will my diesel generator need and how complicated is it for the average homeowner or small business?

A. Diesel engines require routine maintenance for long-life service. The normal maintenance requirements are about the same as owning a diesel powered vehicle - oil, oil filter, air filter and fuel filter. In tropical and cold climates it is advisable to have a water-fuel separation filter system installed. Water or moisture in diesel fuel can be damaging to a diesel engine because the water properties create advanced ignition and accelerated detonation. The engine will need an oil change every 250 to 500 hours depending on the dust conditions or annually in the case of standby generators. Change the oil filter when you change the oil. Air filters need to be changed when they appear dirty. Check air filters whenever you inspect the generator or change the oil. Fuel filters are normally changed every 250 to 300 hours depending on how clean the fuel is. Inspect fuel filters when you fill the tanks, during oil changes and any time you inspect the generator. If the generator has a service schedule, follow it.The generator end (AC alternator) will not require any service unless you live in a dusty environment. In dusty environments we recommend you use a high pressure (50 PSI) air hose and occasionally blow out the dust from the generator system. Dirt and heavy dust particles can cause shorts in the internal wiring coatings under the right conditions.

Step by Step Basic Generator Information

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Buying a Generator - Considerations

Now that you have decided to purchase a generator, there are several considerations you must keep in mind when choosing which unit to buy, where to install it and how to install it. This guide will help you select a generator using a step by step method. Choosing the right machine is not difficult if you take the time to analyze your requirements carefully. GeneratorJoe is here to help, if you get confused or have a question, ask us.

You need to know a few terms and have a basic understanding of the different types of generator sets and their operating principles. We will explain in simple terms.
You should have your equipment installed by an expert. A knowledgeable person, who knows the electric code, can do wiring and simple plumbing can do the installation, but you will have to know what your doing. Installation may require expert assistance and must adhere to local codes and regulations, not only to obey the law but to make sure you don't void your insurance by installing equipment illegally or without permits. We recommend that you have a contractor do your installation or, at the very least, have him provide professional advice. It is up to you to make sure the installation is done correctly.

PORTABLE OR STATIONARY?

st homeowners first think of portable generators rather then stationary generators. If you want to haul a generator outside or put one outside in a shed and plug in cords when there is a power outage, it can be done. You will not necessarily save any money doing it but if you have a use for the portable generator for non-emergency times then it might be an alternative. It has been our experience that it is more economical and less hassle to purchase a stationary system and power the whole house or business. Not only do you get more power for the dollar but your family and/or employees don't have to do anything to have emergency power. Do you want your wife, children or employees hauling out equipment and plugging things in and starting up the system, switching the transfer switch and having to refuel? At some point all of this becomes ridiculous and costs you more in staff time and potential liability then its worth.

STAND-BY OR PRIME?

The first determination you will need to make is whether you will require stand-by or prime power. Simply stated, prime power is required when you have no other source of power or you are using the system as you prime means of power. Any generator that is used everyday or on a fixed schedule to provide power is considered a prime power generator. Another word for prime is "continuous". If you need a prime power generator, use the generators prime or continuous rating as a guide.
A standby set is a backup to normal utility power. Standby units are used only when your utility power is not available and will not be used frequently. Many stand by generators run at 3600 RPM and are not designed for constant daily use. Another word for standby is "emergency". If you need a standby power generator, use the generators standby or emergency rating as a guide.

GENERATOR PHASES

Generator sets produce either single or three phase power. You should use the type of power your panel provides. Residences and small business generally use single phase. Three-phase power is used for medium to large businesses especially where power is used for motor starting and running. Three phase generators are set up to produce 120/208 or 277/480 volts. Single-phase sets are 120 or 120/240. Use the low voltage to run domestic appliances and the high voltage for your motors, heaters, stoves and dryers. Your service panel is either single phase or three phase, you don't need a three phase generator if your panel is only single phase. Check with your electrician before you begin your search.

ENERATOR AMPERAGE

Your service panel is a good place to start. Go and look at your service panel and see what the amperage is. If the panel is 100 Amps that tells you that your won't need more then 100 amps of power. As the panel gets bigger so will your generator needs. It is possible to install a generator to power only a small portion of your service panel, if you install appropriate sub-panels to sort out what will and will not be powered.

FUEL: GAS OR DIESEL?

We recommend diesels due to their longevity and lower operating costs. Today’s modern diesels are quiet and normally require much less maintenance than comparably sized gas (natural gas or propane) units. Fuel costs per kW produced with diesels is normally thirty to fifty percent less than gas units.
1800 rpm water cooled diesel units operate on average 12,000 to 30,000 hours before major maintenance is required.
1800 rpm water cooled gas units normally operate 6,000 to 10,000 hours because they are built on a lighter duty gasoline engine block. Gas units burn hotter (higher BTU of the fuel) so you will see generally see somewhat shorter lives than the diesel units
3600 rpm air-cooled gas units are normally replaced – not overhauled at 500 to 1500 hours. These are "stand-by" generators, not intended to be run long hours or very often.

OPERATING SPEED

Electric equipment is designed to use power with a fixed frequency: 60 Hertz (Hz) in the United States and Canada, 50 Hertz in Europe and Australia. The frequency output of a generator depends on a fixed engine speed. To produce 60 Hz electricity, most engines operate at 1800 or 3600 RPM. Each has its advantages and drawbacks. 1800 RPM, four pole sets are the most common and least expensive in large generators. They offer the best balance of noise, efficiency, cost and engine life. 3600 RPM, two pole sets are smaller and lightweight, best suited for portable, light-duty applications. 3600 RPM sets are considered "Standby Generators" and can never be considered for prime power use.
In simple terms it’s like operating your car at 90 mph, versus 45mph – at 45mph your car will last longer, is quieter, less maintenance and longer life. Most 3600 rpm units are twin cylinder air cooled lawn mower engines, while the water cooled 1800 rpm units are comparable to those found in forklift and tractor engines. The bottom line is the 1800 rpm water cooled units will last longer, offer less maintenance problems and be more fuel efficient. In addition, 1800 RPM generators are designed to be rebuilt, 3600 RPM units are designed to replaced and are much lower in cost (most of the time). Some 3600 RPM stationary units and most RV and commercial power units can be rebuilt at least one or more times but this process is not inexpensive.

FEATURES & BENEFITS TO LOOK FOR

Engine block. For long life and quiet operation we recommend four cycle, liquid cooled, industrial duty diesel engines.
Air or liquid cooling. Air-cooled engines require a tremendous amount of air and may require ducting and they are somewhat noisier. Liquid cooling offers quieter operation, more even temperature control and therefore longer engine life. Modern air cooled engines are suitable for many applications, especially short run, portable or standby uses.
Intake Air. All quality generators have intake air filters with replaceable filter elements. Today even small portables have replaceable air cleaners.
Mufflers. Most generator come equipped with an industrial grade muffler. One good investment is a residential or critical muffler that is much quieter and lasts longer. All enclosed generators should be equipped with at least a residential and preferably a critical muffler.
Lubrication. The lubrication system should have a full flow, spin-on oil filter. Larger generators should have a filter bypass. Most generators today have low oil alarms and shutdowns, make sure the generator you select has this valuable feature, its simply a must have protection.
Major brand of engine. We do not know why people would even consider an inferior "scrap metal" unit or "off brand" engine, you will not be able to obtain the necessary parts, service and support. Many engines come with a box of spare parts including pistons, rings and bearings because your going to need them all. Save yourself some grief and buy a major brand of engine. If you buy a junk engine, we wont service it and most other reputable dealers won't either.
Electrical system and circuit breakers. Standard 12 volt system should include at least the following: 1) Quality starter motor and battery. Larger generators should include a charging alternator with a solid state voltage regulator. 2) Larger diesel units should come with a pre-heat switch and all generators should have a start/stop switch. 3) Al generators should have a safety shutdown system to protect the engine in case of oil pressure loss, generator over-speed or over-crank and high water (or operating) temperature. 4) System circuit breaker to protect the generator. On small systems and portables there should be a circuit breaker on each circuit.

GENERATOR END

(The part that makes the generator "generate" electricity.)
AC generator should have a 4-pole revolving field. An automatic voltage regulator will provide “clean” power. Normal utility power is +/- 6% voltage regulation; most generators are even better ranging from +/- 5% or .25 % and even better. Most modern generators offer AVR – Automatic Voltage Regulation or some other proprietary brand of voltage regulation and can be safely used with modern electronics and computers.
Lifetime lubricated bearing. Cheap generators are not supplied with these bearings. They often require complete disassembly every two or three years for bearing replacement. Most modern power alternators, or generator ends, are provided with industrial quality lifetime lubricated bearings

ENGINE ACCESSORIES AND CONTROLS

Upon determining the generator size you will need, make a list of optional and installation equipment you require. For noise abatement, we recommend a residential (not industrial grade) muffler. A good primary fuel filter/water separator is a must to protect your engine's fuel system. Stand-by sets may require a block heater to keep the coolant/water mix at an adequate temperature for easier starting and less smoking on startup.

WHAT SIZE SET WILL I NEED?

Sizing is the most important step; nothing is more critical in your choice of a generator. A set that is too small won't last, will smoke and can do damage to your electrical equipment. If it is too large, the engine will carbon up, wet stack or “slobber” and this means excess fuel consumption and early failure. We recommend that a generator set never run continuously with less than 40% load - 50% to 75% is optimum.
Additional factors, which may affect efficient operation of your generator, are high altitude and high air temperature. These conditions will lower generator output. You must take into account your elevation, normal and extremes of temperature and other factors. Ask your sales engineer for de-rating information. Allow three (3) percent loss in efficiency for each 1000 feet above sea level minimum. Check the manufactures specifications and use the de-rating factor they specify. Nothing is worse than buying a generator that is too small.

MOTOR STARTING LOADS

In addition to load requirements, it is important to consider motor starting load. We use the rule of thumb that starting a motor requires up to three (3) times more wattage than running loads. Selecting a generator, which is inadequate for your motor starting needs, may make it difficult to start motors in air conditioners, compressors or freezers. In addition, the starting load causes voltage dips, which is why the lights dim when a large motor is started. These voltage dips can be more than annoying – voltage dips can ruin delicate electronic equipment such as computers. You must make sure you account for starting loads, if you cant start the load you can't run it.

GENERATOR INSTALLATION

A detailed installation guide will usually be provided with your generator. Here are some important points to consider when you install your generator.
We strongly recommend that the installation be performed by a licensed electrical or mechanical contractor. They have the tools, the know-how and an understanding of regulations and local codes. Their expertise will save you money in the long run. Should you chose to perform the installation yourself, PLEASE do your homework before tackling the job and obtain the proper permits required by your local jurisdiction. While all GenSets have some basic requirements, each brand and model has unique installation requirements. Also, it is extremely important to have all relative codebooks for reference and to adhere to strictly adhere to the laws which were designed for your safety. Most important of all, your system must be inspected before starting to prevent fires and explosions from improper installation.

LOCATION

Ensure the following items are considered, read the manual for the generator.
Air inlet for combustion and engine cooling.
Outlets for exhaust and hot cooling air.
Fuel, battery and AC electrical connections.
Remember to monitor for carbon monoxide!
Rigid, level mounting platforms (many sets are already mounted on a steel skid base).
Open accessibility for easy service.
Isolation from living space. Keep noise and exhaust away from occupied areas.
Space and equipment to extinguish a fire. Minimize the possibility of fire danger.
Remember, GenSets move on their vibration mounts. Allow clearance to compensate and use flex-joints on all lines and connections.

EXHAUST SYSTEMS

The exhaust system may need to be covered with insulated material to prevent fire resulting from contact with combustible materials. We recommend a heat blanket over exhaust outlets to reduce the heat radiated from the exhaust and to ensure personal safety. Some insulation materials are best left to professionals with the proper equipment. Keep all piping away from combustible materials including walls. A seamless, stainless steel flexible joint must be used between the generator set and the exhaust system to prevent metal fatigue. Do not use the exhaust manifold to support the exhaust system because the weight will cause manifold failure. Exhaust pipe hangers are readily available and inexpensive.

FUEL SYSTEM

Extreme care should be taken in designing and installing the fuel system to prevent fire danger. Fuel lines should have as few connections as possible and be routed to prevent damage. Keep lines away from hot engine or exhaust components. The lines should be no smaller than the inlet and outlet on the engine. Support fuel lines with clamps, as needed, to help prevent metal fatigue from vibration. The fuel tank should be level with or below the set to prevent siphoning in the event of a line failure. Remember to check the lift capacity of the engine fuel pump and stay within its limits. If the set is higher than the tank, an auxiliary fuel pump may be required.
To prevent water ingestion, fuel should be drawn out of the top of the tank with the pick-up extending to no more than two inches from the bottom. Fuel storage tanks must have leakage protection and many jurisdictions require spill basins. Above ground tanks are recommended and cheaper but you must check your local codes before installing a tank. The safest tanks are double walled with alarms. These alarms are simple and well worth the investment to avoid a possible fuel spill, and significant clean-up costs. If the tank is mounted above the generator set, use a fuel shut-off valve, so that you can work on the fuel system without the fuel-siphoning out. It also allows you to cut-off fuel flow in the event of line breakage.

A high quality, fuel/water separator filter should be mounted as close to the generator set as possible. Because of its explosive nature, gasoline fuel systems have special requirements; see your tank supplier for complete information

COMBUSTION AND COOLING AIR

The generator set requires air for combustion and cooling. A radiator and a “pusher” engine fan cool the generator engine temperature. Your car or truck will normally operate with a “puller” fan. An internal fan cools the generator.

OUTDOOR MOUNTING

GenSets that are housed in weather-protective enclosures are designed for installation out-of-doors. Typically a cement pad is placed in a suitable location, out of sight but with easy access for maintenance and fueling. The generator is secured to the pad. Choose a site close to the electric service and fuel supply lines (natural gas, propane, or diesel). The image below shows a typical natural gas installation. The main distribution panel, transfer switch and sub-panels are inside the building in this example, but more often the distribution panel, sub-panels and transfer switch are outside. You should make sure that 110v power is available at the generator for battery charging.
The GenSet must be a minimum of 3 ft from combustible material (NFPA 37). Leave at least 3 ft (or more if the housing and instructions for your particular unit) all around the GenSet enclosure for access to the inside (NEC Art. 110-26a, Art. 110-26b). The GenSet must be at least 5 ft from any opening (window, door, vent, etc.) in a wall, and the exhaust must not be able to accumulate in any occupied area. See figure below.

INDOOR MOUNTING

We do not recommend locating generator sets indoors in residential applications and small commercial and industrial applications. The primary reason to avoid indoor installation is safety. Carbon monoxide gas is odorless, colorless and can accumulate in closed spaces. You can walk into a room full of carbon monoxide and be overcome. A gas leak in space attached to your home can kill you and your family.
In addition to safety, it costs more to install a GenSet indoors than for the same GenSet provided with the factory weatherproof housing. When a GenSet is installed indoors, the building must be designed carefully to handle ventilation to remove heat and any fumes due to fuel, exhaust, lubrication and starting batteries. The radiator must be provided with a duct adapter that interfaces properly with louvers on an outside wall of the building. Adequate air intake flow must be available not only for the radiator fan but also for cooling the alternator. The engine exhaust piping and muffler must be tight to prevent any leaks that would allow dangerous carbon monoxide to accumulate inside the building.
Generally, the room or space in which the generator operates, should not exceed 100 F. We recommend keeping it under 85 F if possible. Generator installations require an intake of cool, clean air and an outlet vent for hot air. Whenever possible the cool air should be drawn over the alternator (or generator end) to help keep the alternator cool. The size of the space affects the room temperature (the smaller the space the generator runs in, the higher the room temperature is likely to be), smaller spaces may require ducting. The size of the generator and the outside air temperature or climate must be considered. In an indoor installation, increasing these vent sizes may cool the room down to acceptable levels and ensure “positive” airflow. Positive airflow is cool, clean air in and hot air out, as opposed to circulating hot air inside the room. Generator cooling fans move moisture as well as air. Moist air is corrosive to a GenSets copper windings, so make sure air inlets are positioned to minimize moisture intake.
Automatic fire suppression systems may also be required. Check with your local fire codes. You should also contact your fire insurance provider to determine if an indoor GenSet is even permitted.
Installation engineered to meet all the above requirements and all safety codes can still become a hazard later. For an installation to remain safe, it has to be regularly inspected and maintained to ensure that leaks or other dangerous conditions do not develop with age or use. Sites that do not have a knowledgeable maintenance staff trained to support an indoor generator set should not install a unit inside a building.
Another factor is the initial cost. It is impossible to construct a building to house a GenSet at a cost as low as the factory housing that can be ordered with the GenSet. And even if the building already exists, the design expense and costs to adapt it for a generator set installation usually will exceed the enclosure cost available from the GenSet manufacturer. For a small GenSet the cost of an open unit with duct adaptor and exhaust pipe kit is as little as $600 less than the same GenSet with the factory weather housing. The additional costs for just the exhaust thimble and louvers exceed that savings.
Please read Policy, Warranties and Disclaimers. You as the buyer and user of generators sold by GeneratorJoe assume all risk and liability in connection with all equipment purchased

AC CONNECTIONS

Connecting the generator to your electrical distribution system is a job for a qualified, licensed and bonded electrician who is familiar with local building codes. Electricity is dangerous, respect it.

TRANSFER SWITCHES & SWITCHGEAR

All generator systems require a circuit breaker and a distribution panel. The circuit breaker protects the generator set from short circuit and unbalanced electrical loads. The distribution panel divides and routes the connected loads and includes circuit breakers to protect these loads. Stand-by systems also require a main circuit breaker between the utility source and the transfer panel. The transfer panel switches power from the utility to the GenSet and back so that both aren't on at the same time. Residential, commercial and industrial generators are equipped with auto-start to allow connection to auto-transfer switches.
Unless you have no other electric service (utility power), you must install a transfer switch. Normally the transfer switch must be the same size as the service panel or a sub-panel off the service pane. The transfer panel switches power from the utility to the GenSet and back so that both aren't on at the same time. Auto-start, auto-transfer systems are available and are relatively inexpensive. We can help you determine what you need.

Historic developments

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Before the connection between magnetism and electricity was discovered, electrostatic generators were invented that used electrostatic principles. These generated very high voltages and low currents. They operated by using moving electrically charged belts, plates and disks to carry charge to a high potential electrode. The charge was generated using either of two mechanisms:
Electrostatic induction
The triboelectric effect, where the contact between two insulators leaves them charged.
Because of their inefficiency and the difficulty of insulating machines producing very high voltages, electrostatic generators had low power ratings and were never used for generation of commercially-significant quantities of electric power. The Wimshurst machine and Van de Graaff generator are examples of these machines that have survived.

Jedlik's dynamo

Main article: Jedlik's dynamo
In 1827, Hungarian Anyos Jedlik started experimenting with electromagnetic rotating devices which he called electromagnetic self-rotors. In the prototype of the single-pole electric starter (finished between 1852 and 1854) both the stationary and the revolving parts were electromagnetic. He formulated the concept of the dynamo at least 6 years before Siemens and Wheatstone but didn't patent it as he thought he wasn't the first to realize this. In essence the concept is that instead of permanent magnets, two electromagnets opposite to each other induce the magnetic field around the rotor. Jedlik's invention was decades ahead of its time.[citation needed]
Faraday's disk

In 1831-1832 Michael Faraday discovered the operating principle of electromagnetic generators. The principle, later called Farad ay's law, is that a potential difference is generated between the ends of an electrical conductor that moves perpendicular to a magnetic field. He also built the first electromagnetic generator, called the 'Faraday disc', a type of ho mopolar generator, using a copper disc rotating between the poles of a horseshoe ma gnet. It produced a small DC voltage, and large amounts of current.
This design was inefficient due to self-cancelling counterflows of current in regions not under the influence of the magnetic field. While current flow was induced directly underneath the magnet, the current would circulate backwards in regions outside the influence of the magnetic field. This counterflow limits the power output to the pickup wires, and induces waste heating of the copper disc. Later homopolar generators would solve this problem by using an array of magnets arranged around the disc perimeter to maintain a steady field effect in one current-flow direction.
Another disadvantage was that the output voltage was very low, due to the single current path through the magnetic flux. Experimenters found that using multiple turns of wire in a coil could produce higher more useful voltages. Since the output voltage is proportional to the number of turns, generators could be easily designed to produce any desired voltage by varying the number of turns. Wire windings became a basic feature of all subsequent generator designs.
However, recent advances (rare earth magnets) have made possible homo-polar motors with the magnets on the rotor, which should offer many advantages to older designs.

Dynamo

Main article: Dynamo

Dynamos are no longer used for power generation due to the size and complexity of the commutator needed for high power applications. This large belt-driven high-current dynamo produced 310 amperes at 7 volts, or 2,170 watts, when spinning at 1400 RPM.

Dynamo Electric Machine [End View, Partly Section] (U.S. Patent 284,110)

The first Turbogenerator Designed by the Hungarian engineer Ottó Bláthy in 1903
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The Dynamo was the first electrical generator capable of delivering power for industry. The dynamo uses electromagnetic principles to convert mechanical rotation into a pulsing direct electric current through the use of a commutator. The first dynamo was built by Hippolyte Pixii in 1832.
Through a series of accidental discoveries, the dynamo became the source of many later inventions, including the DC electric motor, the AC alternator, the AC synchronous motor, and the rotary converter.
A dynamo machine consists of a stationary structure, which provides a constant magnetic field, and a set of rotating windings which turn within that field. On small machines the constant magnetic field may be provided by one or more permanent magnets; larger machines have the constant magnetic field provided by one or more electromagnets, which are usually called field coils.
Large power generation dynamos are now rarely seen due to the now nearly universal use of alternating current for power distribution and solid state electronic AC to DC power conversion. But before the principles of AC were discovered, very large direct-current dynamos were the only means of power generation and distribution. Now power generation dynamos are mostly a curiosity.

Other rotating electromagnetic generators

Without a commutator, the dynamo is an example of an alternator, which is a synchronous singly-fed generator. With an electromechanical commutator, the dynamo is a classical direct current (DC) generator. The alternator must always operate at a constant speed that is precisely synchronized to the electrical frequency of the power grid for non-destructive operation. The DC generator can operate at any speed within mechanical limits but always outputs a direct current waveform.
Other types of generators, such as the asynchronous or induction singly-fed generator, the doubly-fed generator, or the brushless wound-rotor doubly-fed generator, do not incorporate permanent magnets or field windings (i.e, electromagnets) that establish a constant magnetic field, and as a result, are seeing success in variable speed constant frequency applications, such as wind turbines or other renewable energy technologies.
The full output performance of any generator can be optimized with electronic control but only the doubly-fed generators or the brushless wound-rotor doubly-fed generator incorporate electronic control with power ratings that are substantially less than the power output of the generator under control, which by itself offer cost, reliability and efficiency benefits.

MHD generator

A magnetohydrodynamic generator directly extracts electric power from moving hot gases through a magnetic field, without the use of rotating electromagnetic machinery. MHD generators were originally developed because the output of a plasma MHD generator is a flame, well able to heat the boilers of a steam power plant. The first practical design was the AVCO Mk. 25, developed in 1965. The U.S. government funded substantial development, culminating in a 25MW demonstration plant in 1987. In the Soviet Union from 1972 until the late 1980s, the MHD plant U 25 was in regular commercial operation on the Moscow power system with a rating of 25 MW, the largest MHD plant rating in the world at that time. [1] MHD generators operated as a topping cycle are currently (2007) less efficient than combined-cycle gas turbines.

Terminology
The two main parts of a generator or motor can be described in either mechanical or electrical terms[citation needed]:
Mechanical:
Rotor: The rotating part of an alternator, generator, dynamo or motor.
Stator: The stationary part of an alternator, generator, dynamo or motor.
Electrical:
Armature: The power-producing component of an alternator, generator, dynamo or motor. In a generator, alternator, or dynamo the armature windings generate the electrical current. The armature can be on either the rotor or the stator.
Field: The magnetic field component of an alternator, generator, dynamo or motor. The magnetic field of the dynamo or alternator can be provided by either electromagnets or permanent magnets mounted on either the rotor or the stator. (For a more technical discussion, refer to the Field coil article.)
Because power transferred into the field circuit is much less than in the armature circuit, AC generators nearly always have the field winding on the rotor and the stator as the armature winding. Only a small amount of field current must be transferred to the moving rotor, using slip rings. Direct current machines necessarily have the commutator on the rotating shaft, so the armature winding is on the rotor of the machine.

Excitation

Main article: Excitation (magnetic)
An electric generator or electric motor that uses field coils rather than permanent magnets will require a current flow to be present in the field coils for the device to be able to work. If the field coils are not powered, the rotor in a generator can spin without producing any usable electrical energy, while the rotor of a motor may not spin at all. Very large power station generators often utilize a separate smaller generator to excite the field coils of the larger.
In the event of a severe widespread power outage where isla nding of power stations has occurred, the stations may need to perform a black start to excite the fields of their largest generators, in order to restore customer power service.

Equivalent circuit

Equivalent circuit of generator and load.G = generatorVG=generator open-circuit voltageRG=generator internal resistanceVL=generator on-load voltageRL=load resistance

The equivalent circuit of a generator and load is shown in the diagram to the right. To determine the generator's VG and RG parameters, follow this procedure: -
Before starting the generator, measure the resistance across its terminals using an ohmmeter. This is its DC internal resistance RGDC.
Start the generator. Before connecting the load RL, measure the voltage across the generator's terminals. This is the open-circuit voltage VG.
Connect the load as shown in the diagram, and measure the voltage across it with the generator running. This is the on-load voltage VL.
Measure the load resistance RL, if you don't already know it.
Calculate the generator's AC internal resistance RGAC from the following formula:
Note 1: The AC internal resistance of the generator when running is generally slightly higher than its DC resistance when idle. The above procedure allows you to measure both values. For rough calculations, you can omit the measurement of RGAC and assume that RGAC and RGDC are equal.
Note 2: If the generator is an AC type, use an AC voltmeter for the voltage measurements.
The maximum power theorem states that the maximum power can be obtained from the generator by making the resistance of the load equal to that of the generator. This is inefficient since half the power is wasted in the generator's internal resistance; practical electric power generators operate with load resistance much higher than internal resistance, so the efficiency is greater.

Vehicle-mounted generators
Early motor vehicles until about the 1960s tended to use DC generators with electromechanical regulators. These have now been replaced by alternators with built-in rectifier circuits, which are less costly and lighter for equivalent output. Automotive alternators power the electrical systems on the vehicle and recharge the battery after starting. Rated output will typically be in the range 50-100 A at 12 V, depending on the designed electrical load within the vehicle. Some cars now have electrically-powered steering assistance and air conditioning, which places a high load on the electrical system. Large commercial vehicles are more likely to use 24 V to give sufficient power at the starter moto r to turn over a large diesel engine. Vehicle alternators do not use permanent magnets and are typically only 50-60% efficient over a wide speed range.[2] Motorcycle alternators often use permanent magnet stators made with rare earth magnets, since they can be made smaller and lighter than other types. See also hybrid vehicle.
Some of the smallest generators commonly found power bicycle lights. These tend to be 0.5 ampere, permanent-magnet alternators supplying 3-6 W at 6 V or 12 V. Being powered by the rider, efficiency is at a premium, so these may incorporate rare-earth magnets and are designed and manufactured with great precision. Nevertheless, the maximum efficiency is only around 80% for the best of these generators - 60% is more typical - due in part to the rolling friction at the tire-generator interface from poor alignment, the small size of the generator, bearing losses and cheap design.
Sailing yachts may use a water or wind powered generator to trickle-charge the batteries. A small propeller, wind turbi ne or impeller is connected to a low-power alternator and rectifier to supply currents of up to 12 A at typical cruising speeds.

Engine-generator
Main article: Engine-generato r
An engine-generator is the combination of an electrical generator and an engine (prime mover) mounted together to form a single piece of self-contained equipment. The engines used are usually piston engines, but gas turbines can also be used. Many different versions are available - ranging from very small portable petrol powered sets to large turbine installations.

Human powered electrical generators
Main article: Self-powered equipment
A generator can also be driven by human muscle power (for instance, in field radio station equipment).
Human powered direct current generators are commercially available, and have been the project of some DIY enthusiasts. Typically operated by means of pedal power, a converted bicycle trainer, or a foot pump, such generators can be practically used to charge batteries, and in some cases are designed with an integral inverter. The average adult could generate about 125-200 watts on a pedal powered generator. Portable radio receivers with a crank are made to reduce battery purchase requirements, see clockwork radio.

Electrical generator

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an electrical generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, generally using electromagnetic induction. The reverse conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by a motor; motors and generators have many similarities. A generator forces electric charges to move through an external electrical circuit, but it does not create electricity or charge, which is already present in the wire of its windings. It is somewhat analogous to a water pump, which creates a flow of water but does not create the water inside. The source of mechanical energy may be a reciprocating or turbine steam engine, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a wind turbine, a hand crank, compressed air or any other source of mechanical energy.

Early 20th century alternator made in Budapest, Hungary, in the power generating hall of a hydroelectric station

Generator in Zwevegem, West Flanders, Belgium